Mu myaka mike ishize, habayeho kugabanya ingano y'ibintu bisukura birekurwa mu kirere. Ibi byitwa VOCs (ibintu bihindagurika mu bimera) kandi, mu by'ukuri, birimo ibintu byose dukoresha uretse acetone, ifite ubushobozi buke cyane bwo gukora fotokemike kandi yakuweho nk'ikintu gisukura VOC.
Ariko se byagenda bite turamutse dushoboye gukuraho burundu imiti isukura kandi tugakomeza kubona ibisubizo byiza byo kurinda no gushariza mu buryo budakabije?
Ibyo byaba ari byiza cyane — kandi natwe turabishobora. Ikoranabuhanga rituma ibi bishoboka ryitwa UV curing. Rimaze gukoreshwa kuva mu myaka ya 1970 ku bikoresho by'ubwoko bwose birimo ibyuma, pulasitiki, ikirahure, impapuro ndetse no ku mbaho.
Irangi rya UV-cured rirakira iyo rihuye n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet mu rugero rwa nanometer ruri hasi cyangwa munsi y'urumuri rugaragara. Ibyiza byaryo birimo kugabanya cyane cyangwa gukuraho burundu VOCs, imyanda mike, umwanya muto wo hasi ukenewe, gufata no gupakira vuba (bityo nta mpamvu yo kumisha amasashe), kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi no kwihutisha umusaruro.
Ingaruka ebyiri z'ingenzi ni ikiguzi kinini cy'ibikoresho mbere na mbere ndetse no kugorwa no kurangiza ibintu bigoye byo mu bwoko bwa 3-D. Bityo rero, kwinjira mu bijyanye no gukaraba imirasire ya UV akenshi bigarukira ku maduka manini akora ibintu birambuye nk'inzugi, amabati, hasi, imitako n'ibice byiteguye guteranywa.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gusobanukirwa irangi rya UV-cured ni ukubigereranya n'irangi risanzwe rya catalyzed ushobora kuba uzi. Kimwe no ku irangi rya catalyzed, irangi rya UV-cured rigizwe na resin kugira ngo rigere ku bwubatsi, solvent cyangwa isimbuza ubwinshi, catalyst yo gutangiza crosslinking no kuzana irangi hamwe n'ibindi bintu nk'ibitera imbaraga kugira ngo bitange imiterere yihariye.
Hari resins nyinshi z'ibanze zikoreshwa, harimo n'izikomoka kuri epoxy, urethane, acrylic na polyester.
Mu bihe byose, izi resins zirakira cyane kandi ntizishobora gushonga cyangwa gushwanyagurika, kimwe na varnish ya catalyzed (ihindura). Ibi bituma gusana bitagaragara bigorana niba agahu kavuwe kagomba kwangirika.
Udupira twa UV-cured dushobora kuba ibintu bikomeye 100 ku ijana mu buryo bw'amazi. Ni ukuvuga ko ubunini bw'ibiri ku giti bungana n'ubunini bw'igitambaro cyasuwe. Nta kintu na kimwe cyo gushonga. Ariko resin ya mbere ni nini cyane ku buryo byoroshye kuyikoresha. Bityo abakora bongeramo molekile ntoya zikora kugira ngo bagabanye ubukana bw'amazi. Bitandukanye n'imiti ishongesha, iyo molekile yongeraho ihuzwa n'uturemangingo tunini twa resin kugira ngo dukore filime.
Ibintu bishongesha cyangwa amazi bishobora kongerwamo ibintu bito mu gihe hakenewe icyuma gito, urugero, ku ibara ry'umusenyi. Ariko akenshi ntibikenewe kugira ngo irangi rishobore gusukwa. Iyo hongewemo ibintu bishongesha cyangwa amazi, bigomba kwemererwa, cyangwa bigakorwa (mu ifuru), kugira ngo bihinduke umwuka mbere yuko UV itangira gutwika.
Ingufu
Bitandukanye na varnish ya catalyzed, itangira gushya iyo catalyst yongewemo, catalyst iri mu iherezo rya UV-cured, yitwa "photoinitiator," ntacyo ikora kugeza ihuye n'ingufu z'urumuri rwa UV. Hanyuma itangira gukora uruhererekane rwihuse ruhuza molekile zose ziri mu gipfundikizo kugira ngo ikore filime.
Iyi nzira niyo ituma irangi rivanyweho n'imirasire ya UV ridasanzwe. Mu by'ukuri nta gihe cyo kurangira cyangwa inkono. Riguma mu ishusho y'amazi kugeza rihuye n'urumuri rwa UV. Hanyuma rirakira burundu mu masegonda make. Wibuke ko izuba rishobora gutera irangi rivaho, bityo ni ngombwa kwirinda ubwoko bw'urumuri.
Bishobora koroha gutekereza ko catalyst itera irangi rya UV ari ibice bibiri aho kuba kimwe. Hariho icyuma gitera irangi rya photoinitiator kiri ku iherezo - hafi 5% by'amazi - kandi hari ingufu z'urumuri rwa UV zirutera. Iyo bitabaye byombi, nta kintu na kimwe kibaho.
Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma bishoboka kongera gukoresha imashini ipfundikiye hanze y'urumuri rwa UV hanyuma ukongera gukoresha irangi. Bityo imyanda ishobora gukurwaho burundu.
Itara rya UV risanzwe ni itara rya mercure-vapor hamwe n'icyuma gifata urumuri cya elliptical kugira ngo gikusanyirize kandi kiyobore urumuri ku gice. Igitekerezo ni ugushyira urumuri ku ngaruka nziza mu gukurura fotoinitiator.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, amatara ya LED (diode zitanga urumuri) yatangiye gusimbura amatara asanzwe kuko amatara ya LED akoresha amashanyarazi make, amara igihe kirekire, ntagomba gushyuha kandi afite uburebure bw'uburebure buto ku buryo adateza ubushyuhe bungana n'ubwo. Ubu bushyuhe bushobora gushonga amatara mu giti, nko mu giti cya pinusi, kandi ubushyuhe bugomba kurangira.
Uburyo bwo gukaraba ni bumwe, ariko. Byose ni "umurongo w'amaso." Irangira rikira gusa iyo urumuri rwa UV rurukubise kure. Ahantu hari igicucu cyangwa kure y'urumuri ntabwo hakira. Iyi ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku gukaraba kwa UV muri iki gihe.
Kugira ngo irangi ribe rimeze neza ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigoye, ndetse n'ikintu gisa n'aho kiringaniye nk'ikirahure, amatara agomba gushyirwa ku buryo akubita ubuso bwose ku ntera imwe kugira ngo ahuze n'imiterere y'irangi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ibintu birambuye biba bigize igice kinini cy'imishinga itwikiriwe n'irangi rya UV.
Uburyo bubiri buhuriweho bwo gushyiramo irangi rya UV no kurikoresha ni umurongo ugororotse n'icyumba.
Hamwe n'umurongo ugororotse, ibintu birambuye cyangwa hafi ya byose bimanuka mu cyuma gitwara ibintu munsi y'icyuma gitera cyangwa icyuma gifunga cyangwa kinyura mu cyumba cy'icyuma gisukura, hanyuma binyura mu ifuru nibiba ngombwa kugira ngo bikuremo ibintu bishongesha cyangwa amazi, hanyuma bigashyirwa munsi y'amatara menshi ya UV kugira ngo bivurwe. Ibintu bishobora guhita bishyirwa mu byiciro.
Mu byumba, ibintu bikunze kumanikwa bikanyuzwa ku gikoresho gitwara ibintu binyuze mu ntambwe zimwe. Icyumba gituma impande zose zirangira icyarimwe kandi ibintu bitari bigoye kandi bifite imiterere itatu birarangira.
Ikindi gishoboka ni ugukoresha robo kugira ngo izunguruke ikintu imbere y'amatara ya UV cyangwa ifate itara rya UV hanyuma ikamuzengurutsa.
Abatanga serivisi bagira uruhare runini
Hamwe n'ibikoresho byasizweho imirasire ya UV, ni ingenzi cyane gukorana n'abatanga ibikoresho kuruta gukoresha varnishes zikozwe muri catalyzed. Impamvu nyamukuru ni umubare w'ibintu bigomba guhuzwa. Ibi birimo uburebure bw'amatara cyangwa LED n'intera yazo uvuye ku bintu, uburyo irangi rikorwamo n'umuvuduko w'umurongo niba ukoresha umurongo urangira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Mata 2023
