Imikoreshereze y'imodoka mu gusiga irangi rya UV

Ikoranabuhanga rya UV rifatwa na benshi nk'ikoranabuhanga "rigezweho" ryo gutunganya irangi ry'inganda. Nubwo rishobora kuba ari rishya kuri benshi mu nganda zikora irangi ry'inganda n'imodoka, rimaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu rihari mu zindi nganda…

Ikoranabuhanga rya UV rifatwa na benshi nk'ikoranabuhanga "rigezweho" ryo gusiga irangi mu nganda. Nubwo rishobora kuba ari rishya kuri benshi mu nganda zisiga irangi mu nganda no mu modoka, rimaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu rihari mu zindi nganda. Abantu bagenda ku bikoresho bya vinyl biriho irangi buri munsi, kandi benshi muri twe tubifite mu ngo zacu. Ikoranabuhanga rya UV rituma irangi mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, ku bijyanye na telefoni zigendanwa, ikoranabuhanga rya UV rikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi ku mazu ya pulasitiki, gusiga irangi mu kurinda ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'imbere, ibice bifatanye na UV ndetse no mu gukora ecran z'amabara ziboneka kuri zimwe muri telefoni. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inganda za fibre optique na DVD / CD zikoresha irangi rya UV n'amakori gusa kandi ntizari kubaho nkuko tubizi muri iki gihe iyo ikoranabuhanga rya UV ritaba ryatumye iterambere ryabyo ritera imbere.

None se gupima UV ni iki? Mu buryo bworoshye, ni inzira yo guhuza (gupima) irangi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shimi bwatangijwe kandi bugashyigikirwa n'ingufu za UV. Mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe irangi rihinduka riva mu mazi rijya mu kintu gikomeye. Hari itandukaniro ry'ibanze muri bimwe mu bikoresho fatizo n'imikorere ya resine iri mu irangi, ariko ibi biragaragarira umuntu ubikoresha.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa nka spray guns zikoresha atomized air-atome, HVLP, rotary bells, flow coating, roll coating n'ibindi bikoresho bikoresha UV coating. Ariko, aho kujya mu itanura rishyushye nyuma yo gukoresha solvent flash, coating irakira hakoreshejwe ingufu za UV zikomoka kuri sisitemu z'amatara ya UV ziteguwe mu buryo butuma coating irakira ikoresheje ingufu nke zikenewe kugira ngo irangire.

Ibigo n'inganda bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya UV byatanze agaciro gakomeye mu gutanga umusaruro mwiza kandi umusaruro mwiza mu gihe birushaho kunoza inyungu.

Gukoresha Imiterere ya UV

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bishobora gukoreshwa? Ubwa mbere, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, gukaraba ni vuba cyane kandi bishobora gukorwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ibi bituma gukaraba neza ibintu bishobora kwangirika mu buryo butunguranye, kandi gukaraba kose gushobora kuvurwa vuba cyane. Gukaraba UV ni ingenzi ku musaruro niba imbogamizi (icupa-ijosi) mu gikorwa cyawe ari igihe kirekire cyo gukaraba. Nanone, umuvuduko wemerera igikorwa gifite igice gito cyane. Kugereranya, gukaraba bisanzwe bisaba gukaraba iminota 30 ku muvuduko wa 15 fpm bisaba metero 450 z'umuyoboro mu ifuru, mu gihe gukaraba UV bishobora gusaba metero 25 gusa (cyangwa munsi yayo) z'umuyoboro.

Uburyo bwo guhuza imirasire ya UV bushobora gutuma habaho irangi riramba cyane. Nubwo irangi rishobora gukorwa ku buryo rigorana gukoreshwa nko mu irangi, rishobora no gukorwa rigahinduka iryoroshye cyane. Ubwoko bwombi bw'irangi, rikomeye n'iryoroshye, bukoreshwa mu modoka.

Izi ngingo ni zo zituma ikoranabuhanga rya UV rikomeza gutera imbere no kwinjira mu buryo burambye mu bijyanye no gusiga irangi ry’imodoka. Birumvikana ko hari imbogamizi zijyanye no gusiga irangi ry’inganda mu mirasire y’izuba. Ikintu cy’ingenzi nyir’iyi gahunda ahangayikishijwe ni ubushobozi bwo gushyira ahantu hose hakomeye ku ngufu za UV. Ubuso bwose bw’irangi bugomba gushyirwa ku ngufu za UV nkeya zikenewe kugira ngo irangi ribe rimeze neza. Ibi bisaba gusesengura neza igice, gushyira ibice mu mirasire, no gushyiraho amatara kugira ngo hakurweho ahantu hacucu. Ariko, habayeho iterambere rikomeye mu matara, ibikoresho fatizo n’ibicuruzwa byakozwe byatsinze inyinshi muri izi mbogamizi.

Amatara yo kujyana imbere y'imodoka

Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha imodoka aho UV yabaye ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ni mu nganda zitanga amatara yo mu muhanda, aho irangi rya UV rimaze imyaka irenga 15 rikoreshwa ubu rikaba ritwara 80% by'isoko. Amatara yo mu mutwe agizwe n'ibice bibiri by'ingenzi bigomba gusigwa - irangi rya polycarbonate n'irangi rya reflector. Irangi risaba irangi rikomeye cyane, ridashobora gushwara kugira ngo rikingire polycarbonate ibintu bidasanzwe n'ikoreshwa nabi ry'umubiri. Irangi rya reflector rifite irangi rya UV (primer) rifunga substrate kandi rigatanga ubuso bworoshye cyane bwo gukora icyuma. Isoko rya reflector basecoat ubu muri rusange ryakize 100% bya UV. Impamvu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha ni umusaruro mwiza, imikorere mito n'imikorere myiza yo gusigwa.

Nubwo irangi rikoreshwa rivanyweho imirasire ya UV, rikubiyemo umuti uhumanya ikirere. Ariko, inyinshi mu irangi rikoreshwa mu gusukura irasubizwa mu buryo bwo kongera gukoreshwa, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa neza ku kigero cya hafi 100%. Intego y'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ni ukongera ibintu bikomeye kugeza 100% no gukuraho ikibazo cyo gukoresha oxidizer.

Ibice bya pulasitiki byo hanze

Imwe mu mikoreshereze itazwi cyane ni ugukoresha agatambaro ka UV gashobora kuvurwa ku mpande z'umubiri. Mbere na mbere, iri pfundo ryakozwe kugira ngo rigabanye umuhondo iyo inyuma y'impande z'umubiri za vinyl igaragara. Ipfundo ryagombaga kuba rikomeye cyane kandi ryoroshye kugira ngo rikomeze gufatana neza ritava ku bintu bikubita ku mpande z'umubiri. Impamvu zituma ipfundo rya UV rikoreshwa muri ubu buryo ni umuvuduko wo kuvura (uburyo buke bwo gukora) n'imikorere myiza.

Udupapuro tw'umubiri twa SMC

Imvange yo gushushanya sheet molding (SMC) ni ibikoresho bivanze byakoreshejwe nk'igisimbura icyuma mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 30. SMC igizwe na resin ya polyester yuzuyemo fibre y'ikirahure yashyizwe mu mpapuro. Izi mpapuro zishyirwa mu ibumba rinini hanyuma zigashyirwamo ibice by'umubiri. SMC ishobora guhitamo kuko igabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho byo gukora ibintu bike, igabanya uburemere, igatanga uburinzi bwo gucika no kwangirika, kandi igaha ubwisanzure abashushanya. Ariko, imwe mu mbogamizi mu gukoresha SMC ni ukurangiza igice mu ruganda ruteranya. SMC ni substrate ifite imyenge. Iyo igice cy'umubiri, ubu kiri ku modoka, kinyuze mu itanura ry'irangi rya clearcoat, ibara ry'irangi rizwi nka "porosity pop" rishobora kubaho. Ibi bizasaba nibura gusana ahantu, cyangwa niba hari "pops" zihagije, kongera gusiga irangi ryuzuye ry'igishishwa cy'umubiri.

Mu myaka itatu ishize, mu rwego rwo gukuraho iki kibazo, BASF Coatings yagurishije imashini ifunga UV/thermal hybrid. Impamvu yo gukoresha imashini ivangavanze ni uko imashini ivangavanze izakira ahantu hatari hakomeye. Intambwe y'ingenzi yo gukuraho "porosity pops" ni uguhura n'ingufu za UV, byongera cyane ubucucike bw'imashini ifunga ku buso bukomeye. Iyo imashini ifunga idahawe ingufu nke za UV, imashini ikomeza gukora neza ibindi bisabwa byose.

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "dual-cure" muri uru rugero bitanga imiterere mishya yo gusiga hakoreshejwe "UV curing" mu gihe bitanga umutekano ku gipfundikizo mu buryo bufite agaciro kanini. Iyi porogaramu ntigaragaza gusa uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya UV rishobora gutanga imiterere yihariye yo gusiga, ahubwo inagaragaza ko sisitemu yo gusiga ifite UV ikora ku bice by'imodoka bifite agaciro kanini, binini kandi bigoye. Iyi "coating" yakoreshejwe ku bice by'umubiri bigera kuri miliyoni imwe.

Ikoti rya OEM Clearcoat

Birashoboka ko igice cy’isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga rya UV kigaragara cyane ari irangi ry’inyuma ry’imodoka ryo mu cyiciro cya A. Ford Motor Company yagaragaje ikoranabuhanga rya UV ku modoka y’icyitegererezo, imodoka ya Concept U, mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka ryabereye muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru mu 2003. Ikoranabuhanga ryagaragajwe ryari irangi ry’ibara rya UV-cured, ryakozwe kandi ritangwa na Akzo Nobel Coatings. Iri rangi ryashyizwe ku birangi by’umubiri byakozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye.

Muri Surcar, inama ya mbere ku isi ku bijyanye no gusiga irangi ry’imodoka iba buri myaka ibiri mu Bufaransa, DuPont Performance Coatings na BASF batanze ibiganiro mu 2001 na 2003 ku ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imirasire ya UV ku modoka. Intego y’iri terambere ni ukunoza ikibazo cy’ingenzi ku kunyurwa kw’abakiriya ku irangi—gushwanyagurika no kudakira. Ibigo byombi byateguye imirasire ya UV n’ubushyuhe. Intego yo gukurikirana inzira y’ikoranabuhanga rivanze ni ukugabanya ubukana bw’imirasire ya UV mu gihe bigera ku miterere y’imikorere yihariye.

DuPont na BASF byombi byashyizeho imirongo y’icyitegererezo mu bigo byabo. Umurongo wa DuPont muri Wuppertal ufite ubushobozi bwo gukiza umubiri wose. Amasosiyete atunganya irangi ntabwo agomba kugaragaza imikorere myiza yo gusiga irangi gusa, ahubwo agomba no kugaragaza umuti ukoresha irangi. Imwe mu nyungu zo gusiga irangi rya UV/thermal ryavuzwe na DuPont ni uko uburebure bw'igice cy'umugozi urangira bushobora kugabanukaho 50% gusa binyuze mu kugabanya uburebure bw'itanura rishyuha.

Ku ruhande rw'ubuhanga, Dürr System GmbH yatanze ikiganiro ku gitekerezo cy'uruganda ruteranya ibikoresho byo gukaraba UV. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi muri ibi bitekerezo ni aho uburyo bwo gukaraba UV buherereye mu murongo urangira. Ibisubizo byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki birimo gushaka amatara ya UV mbere, imbere cyangwa nyuma y'itanura rishyuha. Dürr yumva ko hari ibisubizo by'ubuhanga ku buryo bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu birimo imiterere iri gukorwa. Fusion UV Systems yanatanze igikoresho gishya - igishushanyo cya mudasobwa cy'uburyo bwo gukaraba UV ku binyabiziga. Iri terambere ryakozwe kugira ngo rishyigikire kandi ryihutishe ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga riteranya UV mu nganda ziteranya.

Izindi porogaramu

Imirimo yo guteza imbere irakomeje ku bijyanye n'amabara ya pulasitiki akoreshwa imbere mu modoka, amabara akoreshwa ku mapine y'ibyuma n'amapine atwikiriye, amabara agaragara ku bice binini bifite amabara akozwe mu ibara ry'umukara ndetse no ku bice biri munsi y'agapfundikizo. Uburyo bwa UV bukomeje kwemezwa nk'urubuga ruhamye rwo kuvura. Ikintu cyose gihinduka cyane ni uko amabara ya UV arimo kuzamuka akagera ku bice bigoye kandi bifite agaciro gakomeye. Gutuza no kubaho igihe kirekire kw'iyi gahunda byagaragaye mu gukoresha amatara yo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Yatangiye mu myaka irenga 20 ishize kandi ubu ni yo ntambwe ikoreshwa mu nganda.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya UV rifite icyo bamwe bafata nk'ikintu "gishimishije", icyo inganda zishaka gukora kuri iri koranabuhanga ni ugutanga ibisubizo byiza ku bibazo by'abarangiza. Nta muntu ukoresha ikoranabuhanga kubera ikoranabuhanga. Rigomba gutanga agaciro. Agaciro gashobora kuza mu buryo bwo kongera umusaruro ujyanye n'umuvuduko wo gutunganya. Cyangwa gashobora kuva ku miterere myiza cyangwa mishya utashoboye kugeraho ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ririho ubu. Rishobora kuva ku bwiza bwa mbere kuko irangi rifunguye umwanda igihe gito. Rishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho VOC mu kigo cyawe. Ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutanga agaciro. Inganda za UV n'abarangiza bagomba gukomeza gukorana kugira ngo bakore ibisubizo binoze inyungu z'abarangiza.