Amarangi ashingiye ku mazi arimo kwigarurira imigabane mishya ku isoko bitewe n’uko hakomeje kwiyongera icyifuzo cy’ubundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije.
14.11.2024
Amarangi ashingiye ku mazi arimo kwigarurira imigabane mishya ku isoko bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abakeneye andi mahitamo atangiza ibidukikije. Isoko: irissca – stock.adobe.com
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hakomeje kwibandwa ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku bidukikije, bituma hakenerwa cyane irangi rikoreshwa mu mazi. Iyi gahunda ishyigikiwe kandi n'ingamba zigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere ubundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije.
Isoko ry’amabara akoreshwa mu mazi riteganijwe kwiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 92.0 z’amayero mu 2022 kugera kuri miliyari 125.0 z’amayero mu 2030, bigaragaza ko rizazamuka ku kigero cya 3.9% buri mwaka. Inganda zikora amabara ashingiye ku mazi zikomeje guhanga udushya, ziteza imbere imiterere mishya n’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo zongere imikorere, kuramba, no gukoresha neza. Uko ubusugire bw’ibidukikije burushaho kuba ingenzi mu byo abaguzi bakunze n’ibisabwa n’amategeko, isoko ry’amabara ashingiye ku mazi ryitezweho gukomeza kwaguka.
Mu masoko ari kuzamuka mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika (APAC), hari ubwinshi bw'abashaka irangi rishingiye ku mazi bitewe n'ibyiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'inganda zitandukanye. Iterambere ry'ubukungu riterwa ahanini n'ubwiyongere buri hejuru bw'ubukungu n'ishoramari rikomeye mu nganda nka imodoka, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, ubwubatsi, n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Aka karere ni kamwe mu turere dukura cyane haba mu gukora no gukenera amarangi akoreshwa mu mazi. Amahitamo y'ikoranabuhanga rya polymer ashobora gutandukana bitewe n'igice cy'isoko ry'ikoreshwa rya nyuma, ndetse no ku rugero runaka, igihugu gikoreshwamo. Ariko, biragaragara ko akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika kagenda gahinduka gatandukanye n'irangi risanzwe rikoreshwa mu gushonga rijya mu rinini, rikoreshwa mu mazi, rikoreshwa mu gushonga mu ifu, ndetse n'ingufu zishobora kuvurwa.
Imitungo irambye n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe ku masoko mashya bitanga amahirwe
Imiterere idahumanya ibidukikije, kuramba kwayo, n'ubwiza bwayo bunoze byongera ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Ibikorwa bishya by'ubwubatsi, kongera gusiga amarangi, no kongera ishoramari mu masoko ari kuzamuka ni ibintu by'ingenzi bitanga amahirwe yo gukura ku bitabiriye isoko. Ariko, gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rishya no guhinduka kw'ibiciro bya titanium dioxide bitera imbogamizi zikomeye.
Irangi rya acrylic resin (AR) ni rimwe mu marangi akoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Aya marangi ni ibintu bigize igice kimwe, cyane cyane polimeri za acrylic zashongeshejwe mu bintu bishongesha kugira ngo bikoreshwe ku buso. Resini za acrylic zishingiye ku mazi zitanga ubundi buryo bworohereza ibidukikije, zigabanya impumuro mbi n'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bishongesha mu gihe cyo gusiga amarangi. Nubwo ibifunga bishingiye ku mazi bikunze gukoreshwa mu marangi yo gushushanya, abakora banakoze emulsion na dispersion resin zikomoka ku mazi zigenewe inganda nka elegitoroniki zikoreshwa n'abaguzi, imodoka, n'imashini z'ubwubatsi. Acrylic ni resin ikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'imbaraga zayo, gukomera, kurwanya solvent nziza, ubworoherane, kurwanya ingaruka, no gukomera. Yongera imiterere y'ubuso nko kugaragara, gufatana, no gucika intege kandi itanga ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika no gushwanyaguza. Resini za acrylic zakoresheje uburyo bwazo bwo guhuza monomer kugira ngo zikore ibifunga bya acrylic bikomoka ku mazi bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nzu no hanze. Ibi bifunga bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, harimo polimeri zikomoka ku mazi, polimeri zikomoka ku bushobozi bwo gushushanya, na polimeri za nyuma yo gushwanyaguza.
Resins za Acrylic zihinduka vuba
Bitewe n'amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije, resin ya acrylic ishingiye ku mazi yabaye umusaruro utera imbere vuba hamwe n'ikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi ry'amazi bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza. Kugira ngo hongerwe imiterere rusange ya resin ya acrylic no kwagura urwego rwayo, hakoreshwa uburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura acrylate n'uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyihindura. Izi mpinduka zigamije gukemura ibibazo byihariye, guteza imbere iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bya resin ya acrylic ikomoka ku mazi, no gutanga imiterere myiza. Mu gihe kizaza, hazabaho gukomeza gukenera guteza imbere resin ya acrylic ishingiye ku mazi kugira ngo igere ku mikorere myiza, imikorere myinshi, no kurengera ibidukikije.
Isoko ry’amabara yo kwambara mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika ririmo kwiyongera cyane kandi byitezwe ko rizakomeza kwaguka bitewe n’iterambere ry’imiturire, iy’inganda zitari izo guturamo. Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika kagizwe n’ubukungu butandukanye mu byiciro bitandukanye by’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’inganda nyinshi. Iri zamuka riterwa ahanini n’umuvuduko w’ubukungu uri hejuru. Abakinnyi bakomeye barimo kwagura umusaruro wabo w’amabara yo kwambara ashingiye ku mazi muri Aziya, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa no mu Buhinde.
Guhindura umusaruro mu bihugu bya Aziya
Urugero, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga arimo kwimura umusaruro wayo mu bihugu byo muri Aziya bitewe n’uko isoko risaba amafaranga menshi n’ibiciro byo kuyitunganya biri hasi, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka nziza ku iterambere ry’isoko. Inganda zikomeye zigenzura igice kinini cy’isoko mpuzamahanga. Ibirango mpuzamahanga nka BASF, Axalta, na Akzo Nobel ubu bifite igice kinini cy’isoko ry’amabara akoreshwa mu mazi yo mu Bushinwa. Byongeye kandi, aya masosiyete akomeye ku isi arimo kwagura ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushushanya amabara akoreshwa mu mazi mu Bushinwa kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibindi. Muri Kamena 2022, Akzo Nobel yashoye imari mu murongo mushya w’ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa birambye. Inganda zitunganya amabara mu Bushinwa zitezweho kwaguka bitewe no kwiyongera kw’ibicuruzwa bikoresha VOC nke, kuzigama ingufu, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yatangije gahunda ya "Make in India" kugira ngo iteze imbere iterambere ry'inganda zayo. Iyi gahunda yibanda ku nzego 25, zirimo imodoka, iby'indege, gari ya moshi, imiti, uburinzi, inganda, n'ibipfunyika. Iterambere ry'inganda z'imodoka riterwa inkunga n'iterambere ryihuse ry'imijyi n'inganda, kwiyongera kw'ubushobozi bwo kugura, n'ikiguzi gito cy'abakozi. Kwaguka kw'inganda zikomeye zikora imodoka mu gihugu no kwiyongera kw'ibikorwa by'ubwubatsi, harimo n'imishinga myinshi isaba amafaranga menshi, byatumye ubukungu bwiyongera cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Guverinoma irimo gushora imari mu mishinga y'ibikorwa remezo binyuze mu ishoramari ry'amahanga ritaziguye (FDI), ryitezweho kwagura inganda zikora amarangi zikomoka mu mazi.
Isoko rikomeje kubona icyifuzo gikomeye cy’imyambaro idahumanya ibidukikije ishingiye ku bikoresho fatizo by’ibidukikije. Imyambaro ikoreshwa mu mazi irimo gukundwa cyane bitewe n’uko hibandwa cyane ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku mabwiriza akaze ya VOC. Gushyiraho amategeko mashya n’amabwiriza akaze, harimo n’ingamba nka gahunda ya Komisiyo y’Uburayi yo kwemeza ibikomoka ku bidukikije (ECS) n’izindi nzego za leta, bishimangira ubwitange bwo guteza imbere ibidukikije bizira ibidukikije kandi birambye bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere mike cyangwa nta n’iyoroheje. Amategeko ya leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi bw’Iburengerazuba, cyane cyane ayo agamije ihumana ry’ikirere, yitezweho gukomeza gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya rikoresha imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iyi miterere, imyuka ikoreshwa mu mazi yagaragaye nk’ibisubizo bidafite VOC na lisansi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikuze nk’Uburayi bw’Iburengerazuba na Amerika.
Iterambere ry'ingenzi rirakenewe
Kumenya neza ibyiza by'aya marangi adahumanya ibidukikije biri gutuma abantu benshi bayakenera mu nganda, mu mazu no mu bindi bitari iby'ubwubatsi. Kuba hakenewe kunoza imikorere no kuramba mu mabara akoreshwa mu mazi ni byo bituma habaho iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya resin n'inyongera. Amabara akoreshwa mu mazi arinda kandi akanoza substrate, afasha mu kugera ku ntego zo kurambye binyuze mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo mu gihe abungabunga substrate kandi agashyiraho amabara mashya. Nubwo amabara akoreshwa mu mazi akoreshwa cyane, haracyari ibibazo by'ikoranabuhanga bigomba gukemurwa, nko kunoza kuramba.
Isoko ry'imyenda ikoreshwa mu mazi rikomeje guhatana cyane, rifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbogamizi, n'amahirwe menshi. Filimi zishingiye ku mazi, bitewe n'imiterere y'imyanda n'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu mazi, zirwana no gukora inzitizi zikomeye no kwirukana amazi. Inyongeramusaruro, surfactants, n'amabara bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mazi. Kugira ngo bigabanye uduheri no kugabanya kuramba, kugenzura imiterere y'imyenda ikoreshwa mu mazi ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yakwinjira cyane n'imyenda "yumye". Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe buke bishobora gutuma amazi akurwaho vuba, cyane cyane mu buryo buke bwa VOC, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku gukora no ku bwiza bw'imyenda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-12-2025
