Inganda zo muri Afurika yepfo Inganda, Imihindagurikire y’ibihe hamwe n’umwanda

Gazi ya parike (GHG) iterwa na lisansi y’ibinyabuzima hamwe n’imikorere mibi y’imicungire y’imyanda ni imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zugarije inganda z’imyenda yo muri Afurika, bityo rero byihutirwa gushakira ibisubizo birambye bitarinda gusa iterambere rirambye ry’inganda ahubwo byizeza ababikora n’abakinnyi ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’amafaranga akoreshwa mu bucuruzi no kwinjiza amafaranga menshi.

Ubu impuguke zirasaba ko hongerwa ingufu mu gukoresha ingufu n’ibikorwa mbere yo kubikoresha mu bijyanye no gupakira kugabanya imyanda ikoreshwa niba akarere kagomba gutanga umusanzu kuri zeru bitarenze 2050 no kwagura uruziga rw’inganda z’agaciro.

Afurika y'Epfo
Muri Afurika y'Epfo, gushingira cyane ku masoko y’ingufu zikomoka ku myanda y’ibikorwa by’inganda zitunganya amashanyarazi ndetse no kuba nta buryo bunoze kandi bwubahirizwa bwo guta imyanda byatumye amwe mu masosiyete atwikiriye ibicuruzwa ahitamo gushora imari mu gutanga ingufu zitanduye ndetse n’ibisubizo bipfunyika bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kubyazwa umusaruro n’abakora ibicuruzwa ndetse n’abakoresha.

Urugero, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye na Polyoak Packaging ikorera mu mujyi wa Cape Town, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye no gushushanya no gukora ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu bidukikije bikomoka ku bidukikije bikoreshwa mu biribwa, ibinyobwa ndetse no mu nganda, avuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’umwanda wa plastike, biterwa ahanini n’inganda zikora inganda zirimo n’inganda zitwikiriye, ni bibiri mu bibazo “bibi” ku isi ariko bikaba biboneka ku bisubizo by’abakinnyi ku isoko rishya.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha iyi sosiyete, Cohn Gibb, yavuze ko i Johannesburg muri Kamena 2024 urwego rw’ingufu rufite ibice birenga 75% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ingufu ku isi zikomoka ku bicanwa biva mu kirere. Muri Afurika y'Epfo, ibicanwa biva mu kirere bingana na 91% by'ingufu zose z'igihugu ugereranije na 80% ku isi hose hamwe n'amakara yiganje mu gutanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu.

Agira ati: “Afurika y'Epfo ni yo ya 13 mu myuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi yose hamwe n’inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi za karubone mu bihugu G20”.

Gibb yagize ati: “Eskom, ingufu za Afurika y'Epfo zikoresha ingufu,“ ni yo iza ku isonga mu bihugu bitanga ingufu za GHG kuko itanga dioxyde de sulfure kurusha Amerika n'Ubushinwa hamwe. ”

Umwuka mwinshi wa dioxyde de sulfure ufite ingaruka mubikorwa byo gukora muri Afrika yepfo hamwe na sisitemu bigatuma hakenerwa uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ingufu.
Icyifuzo cyo gushyigikira ingufu z’isi yose mu kugabanya imyuka y’ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere no kugabanya ibiciro by’ibikorwa byayo, ndetse no kugabanya imitwaro idahwitse yashyizweho n’ibiciro bya Eskom, byatumye Polyoak ikoresha ingufu zishobora kubona sosiyete yinjiza hafi miliyoni 5.4 kwh buri mwaka.

Gibb agira ati: "Ingufu zitanga ingufu" zizigama toni 5,610 zangiza imyuka ya CO2 buri mwaka bisaba ibiti 231.000 ku mwaka kugirango byinjire. "

Nubwo ishoramari rishya rishobora kuvugururwa ridahagije kugira ngo rishyigikire ibikorwa bya Polyoak, hagati aho isosiyete yashora imari muri generator kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi adahagarara mu gihe cyo gupakira ibintu kugira ngo umusaruro ushimishije.

Ahandi hose, Gibb avuga ko Afurika y'Epfo ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite imikorere mibi yo gucunga imyanda ku isi kandi byafata ingamba zo gupakira udushya twakozwe n’abakora ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bagabanye umubare w’imyanda idashobora gukoreshwa kandi idashobora gukoreshwa mu gihugu aho usanga ingo zigera kuri 35% zidafite uburyo bwo gukusanya imyanda. Gibb ivuga ko igice kinini cy’imyanda yatanzwe kijugunywa mu buryo butemewe kandi kijugunywa mu ruzi akenshi rwagura imidugudu idasanzwe.

Gupakira neza
Ikibazo gikomeye cyo gucunga imyanda ituruka muri plastiki no gutwikira ibicuruzwa bipfunyika hamwe nababitanga bafite amahirwe yo kugabanya umutwaro kubidukikije binyuze mumapaki maremare yongeye gukoreshwa ashobora gutunganywa byoroshye mugihe bibaye ngombwa.

Mu 2023, Ishami rya Afurika y'Epfo rishinzwe amashyamba n'uburobyi n'ibidukikije ryashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho wo gupakira igihugu urimo ibyiciro bine byo gupakira ibintu by'ibyuma, ibirahure, impapuro na plastiki.

Iri shami rivuga ko umurongo ngenderwaho ari ugufasha “kugabanya ingano y’ibipfunyika bikarangirira aho bajugunywa imyanda hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kongera ireme ry’imikorere no guteza imbere gukumira imyanda.”

Uwahoze ari minisitiri wa DFFE, Creecy Barbara, wimuriwe mu ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, yagize ati: "Imwe mu ntego z'ingenzi z'aya mabwiriza yo gupakira ni ugufasha abashushanya ibintu byose mu gupakira hamwe no kumva neza ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku byemezo byabo byo gushushanya, bityo bigateza imbere imikorere myiza y’ibidukikije bitabuza guhitamo."

Gibb avuga ko muri Polyoak, ubuyobozi bw'ikigo bwagiye butera imbere hamwe n'ibipapuro bipfunyika byibanda ku “kongera gukoresha amakarito kugira ngo ukize ibiti.” Ikarito ya Polyoak ikozwe mubibaho byikarito yibiryo kubera impamvu z'umutekano.

Gibb agira ati: “Ugereranyije, bisaba ibiti 17 kugira ngo bitange toni imwe ya karubone.”
Yongeyeho ati: "Gahunda yacu yo gusubiza amakarito yorohereza kongera gukoresha buri karito inshuro zigera kuri eshanu." Yongeyeho ko mu myaka 2021 yo kugura toni 1600 z'amakarito mashya, kuyakoresha bityo agakiza ibiti 6.400. "

Gibb igereranya mu gihe kirenga umwaka, kongera gukoresha amakarito bizigama ibiti 108.800, bihwanye n'ibiti miliyoni imwe mumyaka 10.

DFFE ivuga ko toni zirenga miliyoni 12 z'impapuro n'ipaki zipakiye byavumbuwe kugira ngo bitunganyirizwe mu gihugu mu myaka 10 ishize guverinoma ivuga ko ibice birenga 71% by'impapuro zishobora gupakira hamwe n'ibipfunyika byakusanyijwe mu 2018, bingana na toni miliyoni 1.285.

Ariko imbogamizi nini ihura na Afurika yepfo, kimwe no mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, ni ukongera uburyo bwo guta plastike mu buryo butemewe, cyane cyane pellet cyangwa nurdles.

Gibb yagize ati: "Inganda za pulasitike zigomba gukumira isuka rya pelletike, flake cyangwa ifu mu bidukikije bidakorerwa ibikoresho byo kubikwirakwiza no kubikwirakwiza."

Kugeza ubu, Polyoak irimo gukora ubukangurambaga bwiswe 'gufata iyo pellet' igamije gukumira pelletike mbere yo kwinjira mu miyoboro y’amazi y’imvura yo muri Afurika yepfo.

Ati: “Ikibabaje ni uko pelletike ya plastike yibeshye nk'ifunguro riryoshye ku mafi n'inyoni nyinshi nyuma yo kunyura mu miyoboro y'amazi y'imvura aho binjira mu nzuzi zacu zigenda ziva mu nyanja hanyuma amaherezo zogeje ku nkombe zacu.”

Pelletike ya pulasitike ikomoka kuri microplastique ikomoka ku mukungugu wa tine na microfiber yo gukaraba no kumisha imyenda ya nylon na polyester.

Nibura 87% bya microplastique yagurishijwe ibimenyetso byumuhanda (7%), microfibers (35%), ivumbi ryumujyi (24%), amapine (28%) na nurdles (0.3%).

Ikibazo gishobora gukomeza kubera ko DFFE ivuga ko Afurika y'Epfo “nta gahunda nini nini yo gucunga imyanda nyuma y’abaguzi yo gutandukanya no gutunganya ibinyabuzima byangiza kandi byangiza.

DFFE yagize ati: "Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyo bikoresho nta gaciro bifite mu gukusanya imyanda isanzwe cyangwa idasanzwe, bityo ibicuruzwa birashobora kuguma mu bidukikije cyangwa nibyiza, bikarangirira ku myanda."

Ibi ni nubwo hariho itegeko rirengera umuguzi Ingingo ya 29 na 41 n’Itegeko ryerekeye ubuziranenge 2008 Ingingo ya 27 (1) & {2) ibuza ibirego by’ibinyoma, kuyobya uburari cyangwa kubeshya ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibiranga imikorere kimwe n’ubucuruzi kubeshya cyangwa gukora mu buryo bushoboka “kugira ngo bitume abantu bubahiriza ubuziranenge bw’igihugu cya Afurika yepfo cyangwa ibindi bitabo bya SABS.”

Mu gihe gito kandi giciriritse, DFFE irasaba ibigo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa na serivisi binyuze mu mibereho yabo yose “kubera ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’iterambere rirambye ari ibibazo bikomeye by’umuryango muri iki gihe, ni byo by'ingenzi.”