Isoko ry'Ubushyuhe bwo mu mazi muri Aziya

Aziya niyo ifite isoko rinini ku isi ry’amatafari yo mu mazi bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’inganda zikora amato mu Buyapani, Koreya y’Epfo n’Ubushinwa.

Isoko ry’amatafari yo mu mazi mu bihugu bya Aziya ryiganjemo ibigo bikomeye bikora amato nka Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Singapuru, n'Ubushinwa. Mu myaka 15 ishize, iterambere ry’inganda zubaka amato mu Buhinde, Vietnam na Filipine ryatanze amahirwe akomeye ku bakora amatafari yo mu mazi. Coatings World itanga incamake y’isoko ry’amatafari yo mu mazi muri Aziya muri iki gikorwa.

Incamake y'Isoko ry'Amakoti yo mu Nyanja mu Karere ka Aziya

Isoko ry’amabara yo mu mazi ryagabanyijwe kuri miliyoni 3.100 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu mpera za 2023, ryagaragaye nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’inganda zikora amarangi n’amabara mu myaka icumi n’igice ishize.

Aziya niyo ifite isoko ryinshi ku isi ryo gusiga amato bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’inganda zikora amato mu Buyapani no muri Koreya y’Epfo.
n'Ubushinwa. Amato mashya agira 40-45% by'amabati yose yo mu mazi. Gusana no kubungabunga bingana na 50-52% by'isoko ryose ry'amabati yo mu mazi, mu gihe amato yo kwishimisha/ubwato agize 3-4% by'isoko.

Nkuko byavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Aziya ni yo ntandaro y’inganda zikora amatafari yo mu mazi ku isi. Kubera ko ari yo ifite igice kinini cy’isoko, ako karere gafite inganda zikomeye zo kubaka amato ndetse n’izindi nyinshi nshya zihanganye nazo.

Akarere k’Iburasirazuba bwa kure - harimo Ubushinwa, Koreya y’Epfo, Ubuyapani na Singapuru - ni agace gakomeye mu nganda zikora irangi ryo mu mazi. Ibi bihugu bifite inganda zikomeye zo kubaka amato n’ubucuruzi bukomeye bwo mu mazi, bigatuma hakenerwa cyane irangi ryo mu mazi. Biteganijwe ko irangi ryo mu mazi muri ibi bihugu rizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe gito no mu gihe giciriritse.

Mu mezi cumi n'abiri ashize (Nyakanga 2023 - Kamena 2024), kugurisha amabati ku bwato bushya byazamutse cyane, bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa na Koreya y'Epfo. Kugurisha amabati yo gusana ubwato byariyongereye cyane, bitewe n'uko amato akeneye kugabanya imyuka ya CO2 ihumanya ikirere, kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza agenga ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu mazi.

Kuba Aziya yari ikomeye mu kubaka amato no mu bijyanye no gusiga irangi mu mazi byafashe imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bigerweho. Ubuyapani bwabaye ingabo mpuzamahanga mu kubaka amato mu myaka ya 1960, Koreya y'Epfo mu myaka ya 1980 n'Ubushinwa mu myaka ya 1990.

Ubu uvuye mu Buyapani, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubushinwa ni byo binini mu bice bine by'ingenzi by'isoko: amato y'intambara, amato atwara imizigo, amato y'amakonteyine n'amato yo mu mazi nko mu bikoresho byo mu mazi no mu bubiko ndetse n'amato yo kuvugurura gazi ya LNG.
Ubusanzwe, Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo byatangaga ikoranabuhanga n'ubwizerwe bihebuje ugereranije n'Ubushinwa. Ariko, nyuma y'ishoramari rikomeye mu nganda zabwo zo kubaka amato, Ubushinwa ubu bukora amato meza mu bice bigoye cyane nko mu mato manini cyane y’amakonteyineri afite uburebure bwa metero 12.000-14.000 (TEU).

Abakora ibikoresho bikomeye byo gusiga irangi mu mazi

Isoko ry’ibirahure byo mu mazi ryahujwe cyane, aho abakinnyi bakomeye nka Chugoku Marine Paints, Jotun, AkzoNobel, PPG, Hempel, KCC, Kansai, Nippon Paint, na Sherwin-Williams barenga 90% by’isoko ryose.

Mu 2023, Jotun iri mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isi bakora irangi ryo mu mazi. Hafi 48% by'irangi ryo mu mazi ry'iyi sosiyete ryagurishijwe mu bihugu bitatu bikomeye muri Aziya - Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubushinwa - mu 2023.

Mu 2023, AkzoNobel ni imwe mu nganda nini zikora kandi zitanga ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi yo mu mazi, ikaba ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 1.482 z'amayero ku isi.

Ubuyobozi bwa AkzoNobel bwavuze muri raporo yabo ya 2023 buti: “Gukomeza kuzamuka kw’ubucuruzi bwacu bwo gusiga irangi mu mazi byagaragaye cyane bitewe n’ikirango gikomeye, ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki no kwibanda ku kubungabunga ibidukikije. Hagati aho, twongeye kugaragara ku isoko rishya ry’amazi muri Aziya, twibanda ku bwato bwa tekiniki, aho sisitemu zacu za Intersleek zikora neza zitanga itandukaniro nyaryo. Intersleek ni igisubizo kidahumanya ikirere kidakoresha ibikomoka kuri lisansi, kigabanya lisansi n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku ba nyiri lisansi n’abayikoresha, kandi kigafasha gushyigikira intego z’inganda zo gukuraho karubone.”

Chugkou Paints yatangaje ko yagurishije miliyoni 101.323 z'amayen (miliyoni 710 z'amadolari) aturutse ku bicuruzwa byayo byo gusiga irangi mu mazi.

Ibihugu Bishya Biharanira Ubusabe

Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’amabati yo mu mazi yo muri Aziya, riganjemo Ubuyapani, Koreya y’Epfo n’Ubushinwa, ryakomeje kugaragaramo icyifuzo gihoraho cy’ibihugu byinshi byo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Iburasirazuba n’Ubuhinde. Bimwe muri ibyo bihugu byitezweho kuzavamo ibigo bikomeye byo kubaka no gusana amato mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire.

By’umwihariko, Viyetinamu, Maleziya, Filipine, Indoneziya n’Ubuhinde biteganyijwe ko bizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora irangi ryo mu mazi mu myaka iri imbere.

Urugero, inganda zo mu mazi zo muri Vietnam zatangajwe ko ari zo zigomba kwitabwaho na guverinoma ya Vietnam kandi ziri mu nzira yo kuba imwe mu masosiyete manini yo kubaka no gusana amato muri Aziya. Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy'amabati yo mu mazi mu mato y'imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga ari mu cyambu muri Vietnam kiziyongera cyane mu myaka mike iri imbere.

“Twaguze ibikorwa byacu muri Vietnam kugira ngo dushyiremo irangi ryo mu mazi,” ibi byavuzwe na Ee Soon Hean, umuyobozi mukuru wa Nippon Paint Vietnam, washinze ikigo cy’inganda muri Vietnam mu 2023. “Gukomeza gukura mu rwego rw’amazi bituma haguka ahantu hose hakomeye ho kubaka no gusana amato mu gihugu. Hari metero esheshatu nini mu majyaruguru, imwe mu majyepfo na ebyiri muri Vietnam yo hagati. Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko hari amato agera ku 4.000 azakenera irangi, harimo n’amato mashya n’asanzwe akoreshwa mu bwato.”
Ingingo z’amategeko n’ibidukikije zongerera ubwinshi bw’ibikenewe mu bijyanye no gutwikira amazi yo mu nyanja
Ingingo z’amategeko n’ibidukikije zitezweho gutuma inganda zikora irangi ryo mu mazi zirushaho gukenera no gushyira ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka iri imbere.

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ishami Mpuzamahanga ryita ku Butaka (IMO), inganda zitwara abantu mu mazi muri iki gihe ni zo zitanga 3% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Kugira ngo ibi bihagarare, ubu inganda zirimo gusunikwa na za leta, inzego mpuzamahanga zishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije, ndetse n’umuryango mugari kugira ngo zisukure ibikorwa byazo.

IMO yashyizeho itegeko rigabanya kandi rigagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no mu nyanja. Guhera muri Mutarama 2023, amato yose arengeje toni 5.000 ahabwa amanota hakurikijwe Ikimenyetso cya Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) cya IMO, gikoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo kubara imyuka ihumanya ikirere y'amato.

Amabati yo gusiga lisansi yagaragaye nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi ku bigo by'ubwikorezi n'inganda z'amato mu kugabanya ikiguzi cya lisansi n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Isanduku isukuye igabanya ubukana bw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikagabanya igihombo cy'umuvuduko bityo ikarinda lisansi kandi ikagabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ikiguzi cya lisansi ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 50 na 60% by'amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa. Umushinga wa GloFouling wa IMO watangaje mu 2022 ko ba nyir'ubwite bashobora kuzigama miliyoni 6.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika kuri buri bwato ku giciro cya lisansi mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu bakoresheje uburyo bwo gusukura icyuma n'imashini.