Umwotsi wa Mercure, diode isohora urumuri (LED), na excimer ni ikoranabuhanga ryihariye ry’amatara akoresha UV. Nubwo byose uko ari bitatu bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha fotopolymerisation kugira ngo bihuze inki, irangi, kole, n’ibisohoka, uburyo butanga ingufu za UV zituruka ku mirasire, ndetse n’imiterere y’umusaruro ujyanye na spectral, biratandukanye rwose. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho, guhitamo isoko rikoresha UV, no guhuza.
Amatara y'umwuka wa Mercure
Amatara yombi ya electrode arc n'amatara ya microwave adafite electrode ari mu cyiciro cy'umwuka wa mercure. Amatara ya mercure vapor ni ubwoko bw'amatara asohora umwuka akoresha umuvuduko uringaniye aho mercure nkeya na gaze idafite umwuka bishyirwa mu mwuka wa plasma mu muyoboro wa quartz ufunze. Plasma ni gaze ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane ishobora gutwara amashanyarazi. Ikorwa hakoreshejwe ingufu z'amashanyarazi hagati ya electrode ebyiri mu itara rya arch cyangwa hakoreshejwe microwave itara ridafite electrode mu gipangu cyangwa mu mwobo usa n'ifuru ya microwave yo mu rugo. Iyo plasma ya mercure imaze gushyuha, itanga urumuri rwagutse ku isanzure rya ultraviolet, rigaragara, n'iry'imirasire.
Ku bijyanye n'itara ry'amashanyarazi, voltage ikoreshwa ishyira imbaraga mu muyoboro wa quartz ufunze. Izi ngufu zihindura mercure muri plasma hanyuma zigasohora electron ziva muri atome zahinduwe. Igice cya electron (-) kijya kuri electrode cyangwa anode (+) y'itara no mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa sisitemu ya UV. Atome zifite electron nshya zibura ziba cations zifite imbaraga nziza (+) zijya kuri electrode cyangwa cathode (-) y'itara ifite ingufu mbi. Uko zigenda, cations zikubita atome zitagira ingufu mu mvange ya gaze. Ingaruka zimurira electron ziva kuri atome zitagira ingufu zijya kuri cations. Uko cations zigira electron, zigwa mu rugero rw'ingufu nke. Itandukaniro ry'ingufu riva kuri fotoni zisohoka ziturutse kuri quartz. Iyo itara rikoresha neza, rikonjeshwa neza, kandi rigakoreshwa mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwaryo, cations nshya (+) zikomeza kwerekeza kuri electrode cyangwa cathode (-), zigakubita atome nyinshi kandi zigatanga urumuri rwa UV ruhoraho. Amatara ya mikoroonde akora mu buryo bumwe uretse ko mikoroonde, izwi kandi nka radio frequency (RF), isimbuza amashanyarazi. Kubera ko amatara ya mikoroonde adafite electrode za tungsten kandi akaba ari umuyoboro wa quartz ufunze urimo mercure na gaze idakora, akunze kwitwa electrode zitagira electrode.
Umusaruro wa UV uturuka ku matara ya mercure akoresha interineti cyangwa amashanyarazi ya spectrum nini ugera ku burebure bwa ultraviolet, vis, na infrared, mu rugero rungana. Igice cya ultraviolet kirimo uruvange rwa UVC (200 kugeza 280 nm), UVB (280 kugeza 315 nm), UVA (315 kugeza 400 nm), na UVV (400 kugeza 450 nm). Amatara asohora UVC mu burebure bwa 240 nm akora ozone kandi akeneye imyuka cyangwa kuyungurura.
Umusaruro wa spectral w'itara ry'umwuka wa mercure ushobora guhinduka wongeyeho uduce duto twa dopants, nka: icyuma (Fe), gallium (Ga), icyuma cy'ubutare (Pb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), cyangwa indium (In). Ibyuma byongewemo bihindura imiterere ya plasma, bityo, ingufu zirekurwa iyo cations zibona electrons. Amatara afite ibyuma byongewemo yitwa doped, additive, na metal halide. Inyinshi muri wino zakozwe na UV, coating, kole, na extrusions zagenewe guhuza n'umusaruro w'amatara asanzwe ya mercury- (Hg) cyangwa icyuma (Fe). Amatara yakozwe na fer yimura igice cy'umusaruro wa UV ku burebure burebure, bugaragara hafi, bigatuma yinjira neza mu buryo bunini kandi bufite ibara ryinshi. Imiterere ya UV irimo dioxide ya titanium ikunda gukira neza hamwe n'amatara yakozwe na gallium (GA). Ibi biterwa nuko amatara ya gallium yimura igice kinini cy'umusaruro wa UV ku burebure burebure bwa 380 nm. Kubera ko inyongeramusaruro za titanium dioxide muri rusange zidafata urumuri ruri hejuru ya nanometero 380, gukoresha amatara ya gallium afite imiterere yera bituma ingufu nyinshi za UV zinjira mu byuma bikoresha fotoinitiators aho gukoresha inyongeramusaruro.
Imiterere ya Spectral itanga ibyuma bitanga imiterere n'abakoresha ba nyuma ishusho igaragaza uburyo umusaruro w'amatara utangwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'itara runaka ukwirakwizwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Nubwo mercure ishyushye n'ibyuma bitera imbaraga bifite imiterere y'imirasire, uruvange nyarwo rw'ibintu n'imyuka idafite ingufu iri mu muyoboro wa quartz hamwe n'imiterere y'amatara n'imiterere ya sisitemu yo gutwika byose bigira ingaruka ku musaruro wa UV. Umusaruro wa spectral w'itara ridafite ingufu rikoreshwa kandi ripimwe n'umutanga amatara mu kirere cyo hanze uzaba ufite umusaruro utandukanye n'uw'itara rishyizwe mu mutwe w'itara rifite agakoresho gatanga urumuri n'ubukonje byakozwe neza. Imiterere ya Spectral iboneka ku batanga sisitemu ya UV, kandi ni ingirakamaro mu guteza imbere imiterere no guhitamo amatara.
Imiterere isanzwe ya spectral igaragaza imirasire ya spectral ku murongo wa y n'uburebure ku murongo wa x. Imirasire ya spectral ishobora kugaragazwa mu buryo butandukanye harimo agaciro ka burundu (urugero: W/cm2/nm) cyangwa ibipimo bya buri gihe, bifitanye isano, cyangwa bisanzwe (bidafite unit). Imiterere ikunze kwerekana amakuru nk'imbonerahamwe y'umurongo cyangwa nk'imbonerahamwe y'umurongo ishyirwa mu matsinda mu duce twa 10 nm. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana imirasire ijyanye n'uburebure ku buryo bwa GEW (Ishusho ya 1).
ISHUSHO YA 1 »Imbonerahamwe y'ibicuruzwa bya Spectral kuri mercure n'icyuma.
Itara ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga umuyoboro wa quartz usohora UV mu Burayi no muri Aziya, mu gihe Abanyamerika ya Ruguru n'Amajyepfo bakunda gukoresha uruvange rw'itara n'itara rushobora guhindurwa. Itara n'umutwe w'itara byombi bivuga ihuriro ryose rikoreramo umuyoboro wa quartz n'ibindi bice byose bya mekanike n'amashanyarazi.
Amatara y'Umurongo w'Amatara ya Electrode
Sisitemu z'amatara ya arc ya electrode zigizwe n'umutwe w'itara, umufana ukonjesha cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha, isoko ry'amashanyarazi, n'aho umuntu ahurira n'imashini (HMI). Umutwe w'itara urimo itara (alubumu), reflector, agasanduku k'icyuma cyangwa aho atuye, agasanduku k'inyuma, rimwe na rimwe n'idirishya rya quartz cyangwa umurinzi w'insinga. GEW ishyira imiyoboro yayo ya quartz, reflectors, n'uburyo bwo gufunga mu matsinda ya cassette bishobora gukurwa byoroshye mu gasanduku k'inyuma k'umutwe w'itara cyangwa aho atuye. Gukuraho cassette ya GEW bikunze gukorwa mu masegonda make hakoreshejwe urufunguzo rumwe rwa Allen. Kubera ko umusaruro wa UV, ingano n'imiterere y'umutwe w'itara muri rusange, imiterere ya sisitemu, n'ibikenewe ku bikoresho bijyana nabyo bitandukanye bitewe n'ikoreshwa n'isoko, sisitemu z'amatara ya arc ya electrode muri rusange zagenewe ubwoko runaka bw'ikoreshwa cyangwa ubwoko bw'imashini zisa.
Amatara ya Mercure asohora urumuri rwa 360° ruturutse mu muyoboro wa quartz. Sisitemu z'amatara ya Arc zikoresha utugarura-rumuri duherereye ku mpande n'inyuma y'itara kugira ngo dufate kandi twongere urumuri rwinshi ku ntera runaka imbere y'umutwe w'itara. Iyi ntera izwi nka focus kandi niho urumuri rugaragara cyane. Amatara ya Arc akunze gutanga urumuri ruri hagati ya 5 na 12 W/cm2 kuri focus. Kubera ko hafi 70% by'umusaruro wa UV uva ku mutwe w'itara uturuka kuri reflector, ni ngombwa kugumisha utugarura-rumuri dusukuye no kubisimbuza buri gihe. Kudasukura cyangwa gusimbuza utugarura-rumuri ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma urumuri rudakora neza.
Mu myaka irenga 30, GEW imaze kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu zayo zo gupima ubushyuhe, ihindura imikorere n'umusaruro kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe ku masoko yihariye, kandi ikora ibikoresho byinshi byo guhuza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, GEW itanga ubucuruzi muri iki gihe irimo imiterere mito y'amazu, reflectors zakozwe neza kugira ngo zigaragare neza kandi zigabanye infrared, shutter mechanisms zituje, web skirts na slots, clam-shell web feeding, azote inertion, positive pressurized heads, touch-screen operator interface, solid-state power supplies, imikorere myiza, UV explosion motion motion, no remote system management.
Iyo amatara ya electrode afite umuvuduko uringaniye arimo gukora, ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa quartz buri hagati ya 600 °C na 800 °C, naho ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu maraso ni dogere selisiyusi ibihumbi byinshi. Umubiri uhumeka ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukoresha amatara no gukuraho zimwe mu ngufu za infrared zituruka ku mirasire. GEW itanga uyu mwuka nabi; ibi bivuze ko umwuka ukururwa mu gisenge, ku gitereko n'itara, hanyuma ugasohoka mu gice cy'imashini cyangwa ku buso bwo gucukura. Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za GEW nka E4C zikoresha gukonjesha amazi, bigatuma UV isohoka cyane kandi ikagabanya ingano y'umutwe w'itara muri rusange.
Amatara ya arc ya electrode afite imikorere yo gushyushya no gukonjesha. Amatara akubitwa n'ubukonje buke. Ibi bituma plasma ya mercure izamuka ikagera ku bushyuhe bwifuzwa, igatanga electron na cations, kandi igatuma umuriro utemba. Iyo umutwe w'itara uzimye, ubukonje bukomeza gukora iminota mike kugira ngo bukonje neza umuyoboro wa quartz. Itara rishyushye cyane ntirizongera gukonjesha kandi rigomba gukomeza gukonjesha. Igihe cyo gutangira no gukonjesha, hamwe no kwangirika kwa electrode mu gihe cya voltage ni yo mpamvu uburyo bwo gufunga amashanyarazi buri gihe bushyirwa mu matsinda y'amatara ya arc ya GEW. Ishusho ya 2 igaragaza amatara ya arc ya electrode akonjeshwa n'umwuka (E2C) n'amatara ya arc ya electrode akonjeshwa n'amazi (E4C).
ISHUSHO YA 2 »Amatara ya elegitoroniki akonjeshejwe n'amazi (E4C) n'amatara ya elegitoroniki akonjeshejwe n'umwuka (E2C).
Amatara ya LED ya UV
Ibikoresho bito bitanga urumuri ni ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bifite kristu kandi bitanga urumuri. Amashanyarazi anyura muri semi-conductor kurusha insulator, ariko ntabwo anyura neza nk'icyuma gitanga urumuri. Ibikoresho bito bitanga urumuri bisanzwe ariko bidakora neza birimo silicon, germanium, na selenium. Ibikoresho bito bitanga urumuri byakozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike bigamije gutanga umusaruro no gukora neza ni ibikoresho bivanze bifite imyanda yinjijwe neza mu miterere ya kristu. Ku bijyanye na LED za UV, aluminiyumu gallium nitride (AlGaN) ni ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bya semiconductor ni ingenzi mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho kandi byakozwe kugira ngo bikore transistors, diodes, diodes zitanga urumuri, na micro-processors. Ibikoresho bya semiconductor bishyirwa mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi kandi bigashyirwa imbere mu bikoresho nka telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, ibikoresho, indege, imodoka, ibikoresho bigenzura kure, ndetse n'ibikinisho by'abana. Ibi bice bito ariko bikomeye bituma ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi bikora neza, ariko kandi bigatuma ibintu biba bito, bito, bifite uburemere bworoshye, kandi bihendutse.
Mu buryo bwihariye bwa LED, ibikoresho byakozwe neza kandi byakozwe na semi-conductor bisohora urumuri rugufi cyane iyo bihujwe n'isoko y'amashanyarazi ya DC. Urumuri rutangwa gusa iyo umuriro uva kuri anode nziza (+) ujya kuri cathode mbi (-) ya buri LED. Kubera ko urumuri rwa LED rugenzurwa vuba kandi byoroshye kandi rugenzurwa nk'urumwe rukumbi, LED zikwiriye gukoreshwa nka: amatara yerekana imiterere; ibimenyetso by'itumanaho bya infrared; amatara ya televiziyo, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, na telefoni zigezweho; ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga, ibyapa byamamaza, na jumbotrons; hamwe no gupima UV.
LED ni aho umurongo uhuza neza na negative (pn junction). Ibi bivuze ko igice kimwe cya LED gifite charge nziza kandi cyitwa anode (+), ikindi gice gifite charge mbi kandi cyitwa cathode (-). Nubwo impande zombi zitwara neza, umupaka w'aho impande zombi zihurira, uzwi nka depletion zone, ntabwo utwara. Iyo terminal nziza (+) y'isoko y'amashanyarazi (DC) ihujwe na anode (+) ya LED, kandi terminal mbi (-) y'isoko ihujwe na cathode (-), electron za charge mbi muri cathode na electron za charge nziza muri anode zisubizwa inyuma n'isoko y'amashanyarazi zigasunikwa mu gace ka depletion. Ibi ni ukubera ko electron zijya imbere, kandi zigira ingaruka zo gutsinda umupaka udatwara. Ingaruka ni uko electron zigenga mu gace ka n-type zambuka zikuzuza imyanya mu gace ka p-type. Uko electron zinyura mu mupaka, zihinduka mu mimerere y'ingufu nke. Igabanuka ry'ingufu riva kuri semi-conductor nk'amafotoni y'urumuri.
Ibikoresho n'ibintu bigize imiterere ya LED ya kristu bigena umusaruro wa spectral. Muri iki gihe, amasoko ya LED akoreshwa mu bucuruzi afite umusaruro wa ultraviolet uherereye kuri 365, 385, 395, na 405 nm, ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kwihanganira ± 5 nm, hamwe n'ikwirakwizwa rya spectral rya Gaussian. Uko urumuri rwa spectral rurushaho kuba rwinshi (W/cm2/nm), ni ko uburebure bw'urumuri rw'izuba buba buri hejuru. Nubwo iterambere rya UVC rikomeje hagati ya 275 na 285 nm, umusaruro, ubuzima, kwizera, n'igiciro ntibiraboneka ku bucuruzi ku buryo bwo gupima no gukoresha.
Kubera ko umusaruro wa UV-LED ubu ugarukira ku burebure bw'uburebure bwa UVA, sisitemu yo gukangura UV-LED ntisohora umusaruro wa spectral uranga amatara y'umwuka ya mercury afite umuvuduko wo hagati. Ibi bivuze ko sisitemu yo gukangura UV-LED idasohora UVC, UVB, urumuri rugaragara cyane, n'uburebure bwa infrared butanga ubushyuhe. Nubwo ibi bituma sisitemu yo gukangura UV-LED ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byoroshye cyane mu bushyuhe, inki, irangi, n'amakoli asanzwe yakozwe ku matara ya mercury afite umuvuduko wo hagati bigomba kuvugururwa ku masitemu yo gukangura UV-LED. Ku bw'amahirwe, abatanga imiti barimo barushaho gushushanya uburyo bwo kuvura bubiri. Ibi bivuze ko uburyo bwo kuvura bubiri bugamije kuvura hakoreshejwe itara rya UV-LED buzanakira hakoreshejwe itara rya mercury (Ishusho ya 3).
ISHUSHO YA 3 »Imbonerahamwe y'ibisohoka bya Spectral kuri LED.
Sisitemu za GEW zo gucukura UV-LED zisohora ubushyuhe bugera kuri 30 W/cm2 ku idirishya risohora. Bitandukanye n'amatara ya electrode arc, sisitemu zo gucukura UV-LED ntizishyiramo reflectors ziyobora imirasire y'urumuri ku kintu cyihariye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imirasire ya UV-LED igaragara hafi y'idirishya risohora. Imirasire ya UV-LED isohoka iratandukana uko intera iri hagati y'umutwe w'itara n'ubuso bw'icyuma igenda yiyongera. Ibi bigabanya ubwinshi bw'urumuri n'ubunini bw'imirasire igera ku buso bw'icyuma. Nubwo imirasire ya peak ari ingenzi mu guhuza, imirasire igenda yiyongera si byiza buri gihe kandi ishobora no kubuza ubucucike bwinshi bw'icyuma. Uburebure bw'imirasire (nm), imirasire (W/cm2) n'ubucucike bw'ingufu (J/cm2) byose bigira uruhare runini mu guhuza, kandi ingaruka zabyo zose ku gucukura zigomba kumvikana neza mu gihe cyo guhitamo isoko ya UV-LED.
LED ni amasoko ya Lambertian. Mu yandi magambo, buri LED ya UV itanga umusaruro uhwanye imbere mu gice cyuzuye cya 360° x 180°. LED nyinshi za UV, buri imwe ku rugero rwa milimetero kare, zitondetse mu murongo umwe, umurongo w'imirongo n'inkingi, cyangwa ubundi buryo. Izi mpandeshatu, zizwi nka modules cyangwa arrays, zakozwe zifite intera hagati ya LEDs zituma zivangavanga mu cyuho kandi zorohereza gukonjesha diode. Hanyuma modules cyangwa arrays nyinshi zitondekwa mu nteko nini kugira ngo hakorwe ingano zitandukanye za sisitemu zo gukonjesha UV (Ishusho ya 4 na 5). Ibindi bice bisabwa kugira ngo hubakwe sisitemu yo gukonjesha UV-LED birimo ubushyuhe, idirishya risohora, ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya DC, sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza imashini z'abantu (HMI).
ISHUSHO YA 4 »Sisitemu ya LeoLED kuri interineti.
ISHUSHO YA 5 »Sisitemu ya LeoLED yo gushyiraho amatara menshi yihuta cyane.
Kubera ko sisitemu zo gucukura UV-LED zidatanga urumuri rw'imirasire ya infrared. Mu by'ukuri zohereza ingufu nke z'ubushyuhe ku buso bwo gucukura ugereranyije n'amatara ya mercure vapor, ariko ibi ntibivuze ko UV LEDs zigomba gufatwa nk'ikoranabuhanga ricukura ubukonje. Sisitemu zo gucukura UV-LED zishobora gutanga urumuri rwo hejuru cyane, kandi imirasire ya ultraviolet ni ubwoko bw'ingufu. Umusaruro uwo ari wo wose udakoreshejwe na shimi uzashyushya igice cyo munsi cyangwa substrate ndetse n'ibice biyikikije by'imashini.
LED za UV nazo ni ibice by'amashanyarazi bidakora neza bitewe n'igishushanyo mbonera n'ikorwa rya semi-conductor ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukora n'ibice bikoreshwa mu gupakira LED mu gice kinini gitanga umuriro. Nubwo ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro wa mercury vapor quartz bugomba kuba buri hagati ya 600 na 800 °C mu gihe cyo gukora, ubushyuhe bwa LED pn junction bugomba kuguma munsi ya 120 °C. 35-50% by'amashanyarazi akoresha UV-LED array ni byo bihinduka ultraviolet output (ishingiye cyane ku bunini bw'uburebure bw'urumuri). Ibisigaye bihindurwamo ubushyuhe bushyuha bugomba gukurwaho kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'amahuriro bwifuzwa bukomeze kandi habeho ko sisitemu igaragara neza, ubucucike bw'ingufu, n'uburyo bumwe, ndetse no kuramba igihe kirekire. LED ni ibikoresho biramba cyane, kandi guhuza LED mu matsinda manini hamwe na sisitemu zo gukonjesha zakozwe neza kandi zibungabunzwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku bipimo birambye. Sisitemu zose zitanga umuriro wa UV si zimwe, kandi sisitemu zitanga umuriro wa UV-LED zakozwe nabi kandi zikonjesha zifite amahirwe menshi yo gushyuha cyane no kunanirwa cyane.
Amatara ya Arc/LED Hybrid
Mu isoko iryo ari ryo ryose aho ikoranabuhanga rishya rishyirwa mu mwanya waryo nk'irisimbura ikoranabuhanga risanzweho, hashobora kubaho ubwoba ku bijyanye no kwemerwa ndetse no gushidikanya ku mikorere. Abakoresha bashobora gutinda kwemerwa kugeza igihe hashyizweho ishingiro ry’ikoranabuhanga, hagatangazwa inyigo z’ingero, ubuhamya bwiza bugatangira gukwirakwira mu bwinshi, cyangwa bakabona ubunararibonye cyangwa inyandiko ziturutse ku bantu n’ibigo bazi kandi bizera. Ibimenyetso bikomeye bikunze kuba ngombwa mbere yuko isoko ryose rireka burundu impinduka za kera kandi zigahinduka mu buryo bwuzuye. Ntabwo bifasha kuba inkuru z’intsinzi zikunze kuba amabanga akomeye kuko abatangira kwemerwa badashaka ko abanywanyi babona inyungu nk’izo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inkuru z’ukuri n’izikabije z’abatengushywe rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuvugwa ku isoko ryose zihisha ibyiza by’ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi zigatinza kwemerwa.
Mu mateka yose, kandi nk'uburyo bwo guhangana no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ritabishaka, imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga rivanze yakunze gufatwa nk'ikiraro cy'inzibacyuho hagati y'ikoranabuhanga ririho n'irishya. Ikoranabuhanga rivanze rituma abakoresha babona icyizere no kwihitiramo uburyo n'igihe ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa uburyo bigomba gukoreshwa, batitaye ku bushobozi bugezweho. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha UV, sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga rivanze ifasha abakoresha guhinduranya amatara y'umwuka wa mercure n'ikoranabuhanga rya LED vuba kandi byoroshye. Ku mirongo ifite ahantu henshi ho gucukura, ikoranabuhanga rivanze rituma imashini zikoresha 100% bya LED, 100% bya mercure, cyangwa uruvange urwo arirwo rwose rw'ikoranabuhanga rikenewe ku kazi runaka.
GEW itanga sisitemu ya arc/LED hybrid ku bahindura imbuga za interineti. Iyi solution yakozwe ku isoko rinini rya GEW, icyapa cya narrow-web, ariko imiterere ya hybrid ikoreshwa no mu zindi porogaramu za interineti n'izitari iza interineti (Ishusho ya 6). Arc/LED ikubiyemo agace gasanzwe k'amatara gashobora kwakira umwuka wa mercure cyangwa kaseti ya LED. Kaseti zombi zikoresha sisitemu y'ingufu n'igenzura rusange. Ubwenge buri muri sisitemu butuma habaho gutandukanya ubwoko bwa kaseti kandi bugatanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ingufu, gukonjesha, n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha. Gukuraho cyangwa gushyiramo imwe muri kaseti za mercure cyangwa LED za GEW bikunze gukorwa mu masegonda make hakoreshejwe agace kamwe ka Allen.
ISHUSHO YA 6 »Sisitemu ya Arc/LED kuri web.
Amatara ya Excimer
Amatara ya Excimer ni ubwoko bw'itara risohora umwuka ritanga ingufu za ultraviolet zingana na monochromatic. Nubwo amatara ya excimer aboneka mu bunini butandukanye bw'uburebure, umusaruro usanzwe wa ultraviolet uherereye kuri 172, 222, 308, na 351 nm. Amatara ya excimer ya 172-nm ari mu gice cy'urumuri rwa UV (100 kugeza 200 nm), mu gihe 222 nm ari UVC gusa (200 kugeza 280 nm). Amatara ya excimer ya 308-nm atanga UVB (280 kugeza 315 nm), naho 351 nm ni UVA ikomeye (315 kugeza 400 nm).
Uburebure bwa UV bwa 172-nm ni bugufi kandi bufite ingufu nyinshi kurusha UVC; icyakora, bugorwa no kwinjira mu bintu byimbitse cyane. Mu by'ukuri, uburebure bwa 172-nm bwinjira neza mu kirere kiri hagati ya 10 na 200 nm za shimi ya UV. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amatara ya excimer ya 172-nm azahuza gusa ubuso bw'inyuma bwa UV kandi agomba guhuzwa n'ibindi bikoresho bivura. Kubera ko uburebure bwa UV bwa 172-nm butwarwa n'umwuka, amatara ya excimer ya 172-nm agomba gukoreshwa mu kirere gifite azote.
Amatara menshi ya excimer agizwe n'umuyoboro wa quartz ukora nk'urukuta rwa dielectric. Umuyoboro wuzuyemo imyuka idasanzwe ishobora gukora molekile za excimer cyangwa exciplex (Ishusho ya 7). Imyuka itandukanye ikora molekile zitandukanye, kandi molekile zitandukanye zishyushye zigena uburebure bw'urumuri rusohoka n'itara. Electrode ifite voltage nyinshi igenda mu burebure bw'imbere bw'umuyoboro wa quartz, naho electrode zo mu butaka zigenda mu burebure bw'inyuma. Voltages zishyirwa mu itara ku murongo wo hejuru. Ibi bituma electron zitembera muri electrode y'imbere zigasohoka mu ruvange rwa gaze zigana kuri electrode zo mu butaka zo hanze. Iki kintu cya siyansi kizwi nka dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Uko electron zigenda muri gaze, zikorana na atome kandi zigakora ubwoko bufite ingufu cyangwa ioni bukora molekile za excimer cyangwa exciplex. Molekile za excimer na exciplex zigira ubuzima bugufi cyane, kandi uko zibora kuva mu mimerere ya excimer zijya mu mimerere ya ground, fotoni z'ikwirakwizwa rya quasi-monochromatic zirasohoka.
ISHUSHO YA 7 »Itara rya Excimer
Bitandukanye n'amatara ya mercure vapor, ubuso bw'umuyoboro wa quartz w'itara rya excimer ntibushyuha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amatara menshi ya excimer akora neza cyane cyangwa ntakonje. Mu bindi bihe, hakenewe urwego ruto rwo gukonjesha rukunze gutangwa na gaze ya azote. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'itara, amatara ya excimer arahita 'azima' kandi ntasaba imikorere yo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha.
Iyo amatara ya excimer atanga urumuri rwa 172 nm ahujwe hamwe na sisitemu zombi za UVA-LED-curing quasi-monochromatic hamwe n'amatara ya mercury vapor ya broadband, hakorwa ingaruka zo gupfundika. Amatara ya LED ya UVA abanza gukoreshwa mu gusiga gel ya shimi. Amatara ya excimer ya quasi-monochromatic akoreshwa mu gupomesa ubuso, hanyuma amatara ya mercury ya broadband ahuza ibindi bice bya shimi. Umusaruro wihariye w'ikoranabuhanga ritatu rikoreshwa mu byiciro bitandukanye utanga ingaruka nziza zo kuvura ubuso n'imikorere y'urumuri, ibyo bikaba bitagerwaho hamwe n'isoko rya UV ryonyine.
Ubunini bw'uburebure bwa Excimer bwa 172 na 222 nm nabwo bufite akamaro mu gusenya ibintu byangiza ibidukikije na bagiteri, ibi bigatuma amatara ya excimer aba ingirakamaro mu gusukura ubuso, kwica udukoko, no kuvura ingufu z'ubutaka.
Ubuzima bw'itara
Ku bijyanye n'igihe cy'amatara cyangwa amatara, amatara ya GEW akoresha arc muri rusange agera ku masaha 2.000. Igihe cy'amatara ntabwo ari ntakuka, kuko umusaruro wa UV ugenda ugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi bigaterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Imiterere n'ubwiza bw'itara, ndetse n'imikorere ya sisitemu ya UV ndetse n'uburyo ikoreshwa. Sisitemu za UV zakozwe neza zituma ingufu n'ubukonje bikwiye bisabwa n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'itara (arc) runaka bitangwa.
Amatara atangwa na GEW (amatara y'amashanyarazi) ahora aramba igihe kirekire iyo akoreshejwe muri sisitemu zo gukaraba za GEW. Muri rusange, amasoko y'ibikoresho bya kabiri yahinduye itara ahereye ku rugero, kandi kopi zishobora kuba zidafite aho zihurira n'ingufu zimwe, umurambararo wa quartz, ingano ya mercure, cyangwa uruvange rwa gaze, byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro wa UV no ku bushyuhe. Iyo umusaruro w'ubushyuhe udahuye n'ubukonje bw'isi, itara rigira ingaruka mbi ku musaruro wa UV no ku buzima bwaryo. Amatara akoresha ubukonje atanga UV nkeya. Amatara akoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi ntamara igihe kinini kandi ahindagurika ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
Igihe amatara ya arc ya electrode amarangi akoreshwa kigenwa n'ubushyuhe bw'itara, amasaha rikora, n'umubare w'igihe ritangira cyangwa ritera. Igihe cyose itara rikoreshejwe arc ifite voltage nyinshi mu gihe cyo gutangira, igice cya electrode ya tungsten kirashira. Amaherezo, itara ntirizongera gutera. Amatara ya arc ya electrode akubiyemo uburyo bwo gufunga, iyo ahujwe, abuza urumuri rwa UV mu buryo bwo gusimbura gukwirakwiza imbaraga z'itara kenshi. Inki nyinshi zikora, irangi, n'amakori bishobora gutuma itara rimara igihe kirekire; mu gihe, uburyo budakora cyane bushobora gusaba impinduka nyinshi z'amatara.
Sisitemu za UV-LED zimara igihe kirekire kurusha amatara asanzwe, ariko ubuzima bwa UV-LED nabwo si ikintu cy’ukuri. Kimwe n’amatara asanzwe, UV-LED zifite imipaka mu buryo zishobora gutwarwamo kandi muri rusange zigomba gukora mu gihe ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 120 °C. Udukoresho twa LED dutwara cyane hamwe na LED zidakonjesha bizangiza ubuzima, bigatera kwangirika vuba cyangwa kwangirika gukabije. Abatanga sisitemu za UV-LED bose muri iki gihe si ko batanga imiterere yujuje igihe cyo kubaho kirenze amasaha 20.000. Sisitemu zakozwe neza kandi zibungabunzwe zizamara amasaha arenga 20.000, kandi sisitemu zitameze neza zizananirwa mu madirishya magufi cyane. Inkuru nziza ni uko imiterere ya sisitemu za LED ikomeza kunozwa kandi igakomeza igihe kirekire uko imiterere ihinduka.
Ozon
Iyo uburebure bw'umuraba wa UVC bugufi bugize ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo za ogisijeni (O2), butuma ngirabuzimafatizo za ogisijeni (O2) zicikamo atome ebyiri za ogisijeni (O2). Atome za ogisijeni zigenga (O) zihura n'izindi ngirabuzimafatizo za ogisijeni (O2) zigakora ozone (O3). Kubera ko triooxygen (O3) idakomeye cyane ku butaka kurusha diogisijeni (O2), ozone ihita isubira muri ngirabuzimafatizo za ogisijeni (O2) na atome ya ogisijeni (O) uko igenda mu kirere. Atome za ogisijeni zigenga (O2) zikongera kwiyunga mu buryo bwo gusohora umwuka kugira ngo zikore ngirabuzimafatizo za ogisijeni (O2).
Ku bijyanye no gupima UV mu nganda, ozone (O3) ikorwa iyo ogisijeni yo mu kirere ihuye n'uburebure bw'urumuri rwa ultraviolet buri munsi ya 240 nm. Inkomoko z'umwuka wa mercure ukoresha umuyoboro munini zitanga UVC hagati ya 200 na 280 nm, ihuza igice cy'agace gatanga ozone, naho amatara ya excimer asohora UV idafite umwuka kuri 172 nm cyangwa UVC kuri 222 nm. Ozone ikorwa n'umwuka wa mercure n'amatara ya excimer ntabwo ihamye kandi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye ku bidukikije, ariko ni ngombwa ko ikurwa mu gace gakikije abakozi kuko itera ubuhumekero kandi ikaba uburozi ku rugero rwo hejuru. Kubera ko sisitemu zo gupima UV-LED zikora ubucuruzi zitanga UVA hagati ya 365 na 405 nm, ozone ntikorwa.
Ozone ifite impumuro isa n'iy'icyuma, insinga isharira, chlorine, n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Ibyumviro by'umuntu bishobora kubona ozone iri hagati ya 0.01 na 0.03 kuri miliyoni (ppm). Nubwo itandukana bitewe n'urwego rw'umuntu n'ibikorwa bye, igipimo kirenze 0.4 ppm gishobora gutera ingaruka mbi z'ubuhumekero no kuribwa umutwe. Hakwiye gushyirwa umwuka mwiza ku miyoboro ivura UV kugira ngo abakozi bagabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kwa ozone.
Sisitemu zo gukangura imirasire y'izuba muri rusange zigenewe kubika umwuka uva mu kirere mu gihe uva mu matara kugira ngo ubashe gutwarwa n'abawukoresha no hanze y'inyubako aho usanzwe ubora iyo hari umwuka wa ogisijeni n'izuba. Ubundi buryo, amatara adafite ozone akubiyemo inyongeramusaruro ya quartz ibuza uburebure bw'imirasire ikora ozone, kandi ibikoresho bishaka kwirinda imiyoboro cyangwa gukata imyobo mu gisenge akenshi bikoresha filters ku nzira y'isohoka ry'abafana basohora umwuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-19-2024
