Umwuka wa mercure, diode itanga urumuri (LED), na excimer ni tekinoroji ya UV ikiza. Mugihe ibyo uko ari bitatu bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gufotora kugirango uhuze wino, ibifuniko, ibifatika, hamwe nogusohora, uburyo butanga ingufu za UV zikoresha imirasire, kimwe nibiranga ibisohoka bihuye, biratandukanye rwose. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ningirakamaro mugushira mubikorwa no gutezimbere, UV-gukiza inkomoko yo guhitamo, no kwishyira hamwe.
Amatara ya Mercure
Amatara yombi ya electrode arc n'amatara ya electrode-nkeya ya microwave iri mubyiciro byumwuka wa mercure. Amatara ya parike ya mercure ni ubwoko bwamatara yo hagati, asohora gaze aho gaze nkeya ya mercure yibanze na gaze ya inert ihumeka muri plasma imbere mumiyoboro ya quartz ifunze. Plasma ni gazi yubushyuhe budasanzwe ionisiyasi ishoboye kuyobora amashanyarazi. Ikorwa mugukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi hagati ya electrode ebyiri mumatara ya arc cyangwa mukoresheje microwaving itara ridafite electrode imbere yikigo cyangwa umwobo bisa mubitekerezo bya feri ya microwave yo murugo. Iyo bimaze guhumeka, plasma ya mercure isohora urumuri rwagutse hejuru ya ultraviolet, igaragara, hamwe nuburebure bwumurambararo.
Kubireba itara ryamashanyarazi arc, voltage ikoreshwa itanga umuyoboro wa quartz ufunze. Izi mbaraga ziva muri mercure muri plasma kandi ikarekura electron muri atome ziva mu kirere. Igice cya electron (-) zitemba zigana itara ryiza rya tungsten electrode cyangwa anode (+) no mumashanyarazi ya UV. Atome hamwe na electroni zabuze zihinduka imbaraga za cations (+) zitemba zerekeza kumatara ya tungsten electrode cyangwa cathode (-). Mugihe zigenda, cations zikubita atome zidafite aho zibogamiye zivanze na gaze. Ingaruka zohereza electron kuva kuri atome zidafite aho zibogamiye kuri cations. Mugihe cations zunguka electron, zigabanuka mumbaraga zingufu. Itandukaniro ryingufu zisohoka nka fotone irasa hanze kuva muri quartz. Mugihe itara rikoreshwa neza, gukonjeshwa neza, kandi rigakorwa mubuzima bwaryo bwingirakamaro, guhora utanga cations nshya (+) zikurura imbaraga zerekeza kuri electrode mbi cyangwa cathode (-), ikubita atome nyinshi kandi ikomeza gusohora urumuri rwa UV. Amatara ya Microwave akora muburyo busa usibye ko microwave, izwi kandi nka radio frequency (RF), isimbuza amashanyarazi. Kubera ko amatara ya microwave adafite tungsten electrode kandi ni umuyoboro wa quartz ufunze urimo mercure na gaze ya inert, bakunze kwita electrodeless.
UV isohoka ryumurongo mugari cyangwa mugari-mwinshi wa mercure yamashanyarazi yamatara ya ultraviolet, igaragara, hamwe nuburebure bwumurambararo, muburinganire buringaniye. Igice cya ultraviolet kirimo kuvanga UVC (200 kugeza 280 nm), UVB (280 kugeza 315 nm), UVA (315 kugeza 400 nm), na UVV (400 kugeza 450 nm). Amatara asohora UVC muburebure buri munsi ya 240 nm atanga ozone kandi bisaba umunaniro cyangwa kuyungurura.
Ibisohoka byerekana itara rya mercure irashobora guhinduka mugushyiramo dopants nkeya, nka: icyuma (Fe), gallium (Ga), gurş (Pb), amabati (Sn), bismuth (Bi), cyangwa indium (Muri ). Ibyuma byongeweho bihindura imiterere ya plasma, hanyuma, imbaraga zirekurwa iyo cations zibonye electron. Amatara yongeweho ibyuma byerekanwa nka dope, inyongera, hamwe nicyuma. Inkingi nyinshi zakozwe na UV, ibifuniko, ibifatika, hamwe nibisohoka byakozwe kugirango bihuze umusaruro wa mercure isanzwe- (Hg) cyangwa icyuma- (Fe) cyamatara. Amatara yometseho ibyuma ahindura igice cya UV gisohoka mugihe kirekire, hafi-igaragara yumurambararo, ibyo bigatuma habaho kwinjira neza binyuze mubyimbye, binini cyane. Imiterere ya UV irimo dioxyde ya titanium ikunda gukira neza hamwe na gallium (GA) -amatara yanditswe. Ibi ni ukubera ko amatara ya gallium ahindura igice kinini cyibisohoka UV yerekeza kuburebure burenze 380 nm. Kubera ko inyongera ya dioxyde ya titanium muri rusange idakurura urumuri hejuru ya 380 nm, ukoresheje amatara ya gallium afite ibara ryera bituma ingufu za UV nyinshi zinjizwa naba fotinitiator bitandukanye ninyongera.
Umwirondoro wa Spectral utanga formulaire hamwe nabakoresha amaherezo hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bwerekana uburyo ibisohoka byerekanwa kumatara yihariye bigabanywa kuri electronique. Mugihe imyuka ya mercure hamwe nibyuma byongeweho byasobanuye ibiranga imirasire, imvange nyayo yibintu hamwe na gaze ya inert imbere muri tari ya quartz hamwe no kubaka itara hamwe nuburyo bwo gukiza sisitemu byose bigira ingaruka kumasoko ya UV. Ibisohoka byerekana itara ridahujwe rikoreshwa kandi ripimwa nuwatanze itara mu kirere bizagira umusaruro utandukanye n’itara ryashyizwe mu mutwe w’itara rifite ibyuma byerekana neza kandi bikonje. Umwirondoro wa Spectral uraboneka byoroshye kubatanga sisitemu ya UV, kandi ni ingirakamaro mugutezimbere no gutoranya amatara.
Umwirondoro rusange usanzwe utegura irradiance kuri y-axis hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo kuri x-axis. Imirasire idasanzwe irashobora kwerekanwa muburyo butandukanye harimo agaciro keza (urugero W / cm2 / nm) cyangwa uko bishakiye, isano, cyangwa bisanzwe (ingamba-nke). Imyirondoro isanzwe yerekana amakuru nkimbonerahamwe yumurongo cyangwa nkimbonerahamwe yumurongo amatsinda asohoka muri 10 nm bande. Ibikurikira bya mercure arc itara ryerekana ibishushanyo byerekana imishwarara ugereranije nuburebure bwumurongo wa sisitemu ya GEW (Ishusho 1).
FIGURE 1 »Ibicapo byerekana ibicuruzwa bya mercure na fer.
Itara nijambo ryakoreshejwe kwerekeza kuri UV itanga imyuka ya Quartz i Burayi no muri Aziya, naho Abanyamerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo bakunda gukoresha imvange ivanze n'amatara. Umutwe w'itara n'amatara byombi bivuga inteko yuzuye irimo umuyoboro wa quartz nibindi bikoresho byose bya mashini n'amashanyarazi.
Amatara ya Arc Amatara
Sisitemu yamatara ya electrode igizwe numutwe wamatara, umuyaga ukonjesha cyangwa chiller, amashanyarazi, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimashini (HMI). Umutwe w'itara urimo itara (itara), urumuri, icyuma cyangwa inzu, inteko yo gufunga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe idirishya rya quartz cyangwa izamu. GEW ishyiraho imiyoboro ya quartz, ibyuma byerekana, hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga imbere yinteko za cassette zishobora gukurwa byoroshye mumatara yo hanze yumutwe cyangwa inzu. Kuraho cassette ya GEW mubisanzwe bikorwa mumasegonda ukoresheje Allen wrench. Kuberako UV isohoka, ubunini bwamatara yumutwe nubunini, ibiranga sisitemu, nibikoresho bifasha bikenera gutandukana kubisabwa nisoko, sisitemu yamatara ya electrode arc yagenewe icyiciro runaka cyibisabwa cyangwa ubwoko bwimashini zisa.
Amatara ya parike ya mercure asohora 360 ° yumucyo uva muri tari ya quartz. Sisitemu yamatara ya Arc ikoresha ibyuma byerekana kumpande ninyuma yigitereko kugirango ifate kandi yibande cyane kumucyo intera yagenwe imbere yumutwe wamatara. Iyi ntera izwi nkibanze kandi niho irradiance iba ikomeye. Amatara ya arc asanzwe asohoka murwego rwa 5 kugeza 12 W / cm2 yibanze. Kubera ko hafi 70% yumusaruro UV uva mumutwe wamatara uva mumashanyarazi, ni ngombwa guhorana isuku no kuyisimbuza buri gihe. Kudasukura cyangwa gusimbuza ibyuma byerekana ni umusanzu usanzwe wo gukira bidahagije.
Mu myaka irenga 30, GEW yagiye itezimbere imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukiza, gutunganya ibiranga nibisohoka kugirango ihuze ibikenewe byamasoko n'amasoko, kandi itezimbere portfolio nini y'ibikoresho byo kwishyira hamwe. Nkigisubizo, uyumunsi itangwa ryubucuruzi ryatanzwe na GEW ririmo ibishushanyo mbonera byamazu, ibyuma byerekana neza uburyo bwo kwerekana UV kandi bikagabanya uburyo bwa infragre, bucece uburyo bwo gufunga amashanyarazi, amajipo y'urubuga hamwe nuduce, kugaburira imbuga za interineti, kugaburira azote, imitwe ikanda neza, gukoraho-ecran Imikoreshereze yimikorere, imbaraga-za leta zitanga ingufu, ibikorwa byinshi bikora, kugenzura UV isohoka, hamwe no kugenzura sisitemu ya kure.
Iyo itara ryumuvuduko ukabije wa electrode ikora, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwa quartz buri hagati ya 600 ° C na 800 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwimbere bwa plasma ni dogere ibihumbi byinshi. Umwuka uhatirwa nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukomeza ubushyuhe bukora bwamatara no gukuraho zimwe mumbaraga zidafite ingufu. GEW itanga uyu mwuka mubi; ibi bivuze ko umwuka ukururwa mukibiriti, kumurika no kumurika, hanyuma ukananirwa guterana kandi kure yimashini cyangwa gukiza hejuru. Sisitemu zimwe za GEW nka E4C zikoresha ubukonje bwamazi, butuma UV isohoka gato kandi ikagabanya ubunini bwamatara.
Amatara ya electrode arc afite ubushyuhe no gukonjesha. Amatara yakubiswe no gukonjesha gake. Ibi bituma plasma ya mercure izamuka kubushyuhe bwifuzwa bwo gukora, ikabyara electroni na cations kubuntu, kandi igafasha gutembera kwubu. Iyo umutwe wamatara uzimye, gukonjesha bikomeza gukora muminota mike kugirango bikonje neza umuyoboro wa quartz. Itara rishyushye cyane ntirizongera gukubita kandi rigomba gukomeza gukonja. Uburebure bwa cycle yo gutangira no gukonjesha, kimwe no kwangirika kwa electrode mugihe cya buri gitero cya voltage niyo mpamvu uburyo bwo gufunga pneumatike buri gihe bwinjizwa mumateraniro ya GEW electrode arc. Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana amatara akonje (E2C) n'amatara akonje (E4C) amatara ya electrode arc.
FIGURE 2 »Amatara akonje (E4C) n'amatara akonje (E2C) amatara ya electrode arc.
UV LED Amatara
Semi-kiyobora irakomeye, ibikoresho bya kristaline bifite aho bihurira. Amashanyarazi anyura muri kimwe cya kabiri cyumuyoboro mwiza kuruta insulator, ariko ntabwo ari nkicyuma cyuma. Mubisanzwe bibaho ariko ahubwo bitagira icyo bikora kimwe cya kabiri kirimo ibintu bya silicon, germanium, na selenium. Ubukorikori bwahimbwe igice cya kabiri cyateguwe kugirango gisohore kandi gikore neza ni ibikoresho byuzuzanya bifite umwanda byatewe neza muburyo bwa kristu. Kubijyanye na UV LEDs, aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) nibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa.
Imiyoboro ya Semi ni ingenzi kuri elegitoroniki igezweho kandi ikozwe muburyo bwo gukora tristoriste, diode, diode itanga urumuri, hamwe na micro-itunganya. Ibikoresho bya Semi-kiyobora byinjijwe mumashanyarazi kandi bigashyirwa mubicuruzwa nka terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, ibikoresho, indege, imodoka, imashini ya kure, ndetse n ibikinisho byabana. Ibi bice bito ariko bikomeye bituma ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi bikora mugihe nanone byemerera ibintu kuba byoroshye, byoroshye, uburemere bworoshye, kandi bihendutse.
Mugihe kidasanzwe cya LED, cyateguwe neza kandi gihimbwe igice cya kabiri cyayobora gisohora imirongo migufi yumurambararo wumucyo iyo ihujwe nisoko ya DC. Umucyo utangwa gusa mugihe ikigezweho kiva kuri anode nziza (+) kuri cathode mbi (-) ya buri LED. Kubera ko LED isohoka byihuse kandi byoroshye kugenzurwa na quasi-monochromatic, LED irakwiriye gukoreshwa nka: amatara yerekana; ibimenyetso by'itumanaho rya infragre; kumurika kuri TV, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, na terefone zifite ubwenge; ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike, ibyapa byamamaza, na jumbotrons; na UV gukira.
LED ni ihuriro ryiza-ribi (pn ihuza). Ibi bivuze ko igice kimwe cya LED gifite amafaranga meza kandi kivugwa nka anode (+), ikindi gice gifite amafaranga mabi kandi cyitwa cathode (-). Mugihe impande zombi zisa neza, imipaka ihuza aho impande zombi zihurira, izwi nka zone de depletion, ntabwo ikora. Iyo itumanaho ryiza (+) ryumurongo utaziguye (DC) isoko yimbaraga ihujwe na anode (+) ya LED, hamwe na terefone mbi (-) yinkomoko ihujwe na cathode (-), electron zishyizwe muburyo bubi muri cathode kandi byuzuye neza imyanya ya elegitoronike muri anode isubizwa inyuma nisoko ryingufu hanyuma igasunikwa yerekeza kuri depletion. Ibi ni ukubogama imbere, kandi bifite ingaruka zo gutsinda imipaka idatwara. Igisubizo nuko electroni yubusa mukarere n-ubwoko bwambukiranya kandi ikuzuza imyanya mukarere ka p. Mugihe electron zitembera kumupaka, zihinduka muburyo bwingufu nkeya. Igabanuka ryingufu zijyanye na kimwe cya kabiri kiyobora nka fotone yumucyo.
Ibikoresho na dopants bigize kristaline ya LED igena ibisohoka. Muri iki gihe, isoko ya LED ikiza iboneka ifite ultraviolet isohoka kuri 365, 385, 395, na 405 nm, kwihanganira ± 5 nm, no gukwirakwiza Gaussiya. Ninini cyane ya irradiance (W / cm2 / nm), niko impinga yumurongo w inzogera. Mugihe iterambere rya UVC rikomeje hagati ya 275 na 285 nm, ibisohoka, ubuzima, kwiringirwa, nigiciro ntikiraboneka mubucuruzi mugukiza sisitemu nibisabwa.
Kubera ko UV-LED isohoka muri iki gihe igarukira gusa ku burebure bwa UVA, sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED ntabwo isohora umurongo mugari wa spasitori iranga amatara ya mercure yumuvuduko ukabije. Ibi bivuze ko sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED idasohora UVC, UVB, urumuri rugaragara cyane, hamwe nubushyuhe butanga ubushyuhe bwa infragre. Mugihe ibi bifasha sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED gukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa cyane nubushyuhe, wino iriho, ibifuniko, hamwe nudukingirizo twateganijwe kumatara ya mercure yumuvuduko ukabije bigomba kuvugururwa kugirango sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED. Kubwamahirwe, abatanga chimie baragenda bategura amaturo nkumuti wibiri. Ibi bivuze ko uburyo bubiri-bwo gukiza bugamije gukiza hamwe n’itara rya UV-LED naryo rizakiza ukoresheje itara ryuka rya mercure (Ishusho 3).
FIGURE 3 »Imbonerahamwe yerekana ibisohoka kuri LED.
Sisitemu yo gukiza ya UV-LED ya GEW isohora kugeza kuri 30 W / cm2 kumadirishya isohora. Bitandukanye n'amatara ya electrode arc, sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED ntabwo ikubiyemo urumuri rugaragaza imirasire yumucyo yibanze. Nkigisubizo, imishwarara ya UV-LED igaragara hafi yidirishya risohora. Imirasire UV-LED yasohotse iratandukana uko intera iri hagati yumutwe wamatara nubuso bwo gukira bwiyongera. Ibi bigabanya urumuri rwinshi nubunini bwa irradiance igera hejuru yumuti. Mugihe imishwarara yimpanuka ari ngombwa muguhuza, imishwarara irushijeho kuba myiza ntabwo buri gihe iba nziza kandi irashobora no kubuza ubwinshi bwuzuzanya. Uburebure (nm), imishwarara (W / cm2) hamwe nubucucike bwingufu (J / cm2) byose bigira uruhare runini mugukiza, kandi ingaruka rusange hamwe mugukiza zigomba kumvikana neza mugihe cyo gutoranya isoko UV-LED.
LED ni isoko ya Lambertian. Muyandi magambo, buri UV LED isohora imbere yimbere hejuru yisi 360 ° x 180 ° yuzuye. LED LED nyinshi, buri kuri gahunda ya milimetero kare, itondekanye kumurongo umwe, matrix yumurongo ninkingi, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Izi nteko, zizwi nka modules cyangwa array, zakozwe hamwe nintera iri hagati ya LED ituma kuvanga icyuho no koroshya diode. Module nyinshi cyangwa ibice byinshi noneho bitunganijwe mumateraniro manini kugirango bigire ubunini butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo gukiza UV (Ishusho 4 na 5). Ibindi bikoresho bisabwa kugirango hubakwe sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED harimo icyuma gishyuha, gusohora idirishya, ibinyabiziga bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho bya DC, sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi cyangwa chiller, hamwe n’imashini ya kimuntu (HMI).
FIGURE 4 »Sisitemu ya LeoLED y'urubuga.
FIGURE 5 »Sisitemu ya LeoLED yihuta-y-itara ryinshi.
Kubera ko UV-LED yo gukiza idakwirakwiza uburebure bwa infragre. Mubisanzwe bahinduranya ingufu nke zumuriro hejuru yikiza kuruta itara ryumuyaga wa mercure, ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko LED LED igomba gufatwa nkikoranabuhanga rikiza imbeho. Sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED irashobora gusohora imishwarara miremire cyane, kandi uburebure bwa ultraviolet nuburyo bwingufu. Ibisohoka byose ntabwo byashizwemo na chimie bizashyushya igice cyimbere cyangwa substrate kimwe nibikoresho bigize imashini.
UV LED nayo ni ibice byamashanyarazi bifite imikorere idahwitse itwarwa nigishushanyo mbonera cya kabiri cyogukora no guhimba hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora nibikoresho bikoreshwa mugupakira LED mubice binini byo gukiza. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuyaga wa mercure wumu quartz bigomba kuba hagati ya 600 na 800 ° C mugihe gikora, ubushyuhe bwa LED pn bugomba kuguma munsi ya 120 ° C. 35-50% gusa byamashanyarazi akoresha UV-LED umurongo uhindurwamo ibisohoka ultraviolet (biterwa nuburebure bukabije). Ibisigaye bihinduka ubushyuhe bwumuriro bugomba kuvaho kugirango hagumane ubushyuhe bwifuzwa bwifuzwa kandi harebwe uburyo bwimikorere idahwitse, ubwinshi bwingufu, hamwe nubuzima burebure. LED ni ibikoresho birebire birebire-bikomeye, kandi kwinjiza LED mumateraniro nini hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha neza kandi ikomeza ni ngombwa kugirango umuntu agere ku buzima burambye. Sisitemu zose zo gukiza UV ntabwo arimwe, kandi zateguwe nabi kandi zikonje UV-LED yo gukiza ifite amahirwe menshi yo gushyuha no kunanirwa bikabije.
Amatara ya Arc / LED Amatara
Ku isoko iryo ari ryo ryose aho tekinoroji nshya yatangijwe nkigisimbuza ikoranabuhanga risanzweho, hashobora kubaho impungenge zijyanye no kwemerwa kimwe no gushidikanya ku mikorere. Abashobora kuba bakoresha akenshi batinda kurerwa kugeza igihe hashyizweho uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwatangajwe, ubuhamya bwiza butangira gukwirakwira mu bwinshi, kandi / cyangwa bakabona uburambe bwa mbere cyangwa ibyerekeranye nabantu cyangwa ibigo bazi kandi bizeye. Ibimenyetso bikomeye birasabwa kenshi mbere yuko isoko ryose rireka burundu ibya kera kandi byuzuye mubishya. Ntabwo bifasha ko inkuru zitsinzi zikunda gufatwa nkibanga kuko ababyitangiye kare badashaka ko abanywanyi bamenya inyungu zisa. Nkigisubizo, imigani nyayo kandi ikabije yo gutenguha irashobora rimwe na rimwe kugaruka kumasoko yose yerekana ibyiza nyabyo byikoranabuhanga rishya kandi bikadindiza kwakirwa.
Mu mateka yose, kandi nkumwanya wo kwanga kwakirwa, ibishushanyo mbonera byakunze kwakirwa nkikiraro cyinzibacyuho hagati yikoranabuhanga rishya kandi rishya. Hybride yemerera abakoresha kwigirira ikizere no kwihitiramo ubwabo uburyo nibihe ibicuruzwa cyangwa uburyo bushya bigomba gukoreshwa, utitaye kubushobozi bwubu. Kubijyanye no gukiza UV, sisitemu ya Hybrid ituma abayikoresha bahinduranya byihuse kandi byoroshye hagati yamatara yumuyaga wa mercure na tekinoroji ya LED. Kumurongo ufite sitasiyo nyinshi zo gukiza, Hybride yemerera imashini gukora 100% LED, 100% zumuyaga wa mercure, cyangwa kuvanga tekinoloji zombi bisabwa kumurimo runaka.
GEW itanga sisitemu ya arc / LED ivanga urubuga. Igisubizo cyateguwe kumasoko manini ya GEW, ikirango kigufi-cyurubuga, ariko igishushanyo cya Hybrid nacyo gikoresha mubindi bikoresho byurubuga bitari urubuga (Ishusho 6). Arc / LED ikubiyemo itara risanzwe ryumutwe rishobora kwakira imyuka ya mercure cyangwa cassette ya LED. Cassettes zombi zibura imbaraga rusange kandi igenzura sisitemu. Ubwenge muri sisitemu butuma itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwa cassette kandi rihita ritanga imbaraga zikwiye, gukonjesha, hamwe nubushakashatsi. Gukuraho cyangwa gushiraho kimwe mu byuka bya mercure ya GEW cyangwa cassettes ya LED mubisanzwe bikorwa mumasegonda ukoresheje Allen wrench.
FIGURE 6 »Sisitemu ya Arc / LED kurubuga.
Amatara ya Excimer
Amatara ya Excimer ni ubwoko bwamatara asohora gaze asohora ingufu za ultraviolet ya quasi-monochromatic. Mugihe amatara ya excimer aboneka muburebure bwumurongo mwinshi, ibisohoka ultraviolet isanzwe iba hagati ya 172, 222, 308, na 351 nm. 172-nm amatara ya excimer agwa mumashanyarazi ya vacuum (100 kugeza 200 nm), mugihe 222 nm ari UVC gusa (200 kugeza 280 nm). Amatara ya 308-nm asohora UVB (280 kugeza 315 nm), naho 351 nm ni UVA (315 kugeza 400 nm).
172-nm vacuum UV yumurambararo ni ngufi kandi irimo ingufu zirenze UVC; ariko, barwana no gucengera cyane mubintu. Mubyukuri, uburebure bwa 172-nm bwinjizwa rwose muri top 10 kugeza 200 nm ya chimie yakozwe na UV. Nkigisubizo, amatara ya 172-nm ya excimer azahuza gusa hejuru yimbere yimbere ya UV kandi agomba guhuzwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho bikiza. Kubera ko uburebure bwa UV UV na bwo bwinjizwa n'umwuka, amatara ya 172-nm ya excimer agomba gukoreshwa mu kirere cyatewe na azote.
Amatara menshi ya excimer agizwe numuyoboro wa quartz ukora nka bariyeri ya dielectric. Umuyoboro wuzuyemo imyuka idasanzwe ishobora gukora molekile ya excimer cyangwa exciplex (Ishusho 7). Imyuka itandukanye itanga molekile zitandukanye, kandi molekile zitandukanye zishimye zerekana uburebure bwumuraba butangwa n itara. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa electrode ukorera muburebure bwimbere bwigituba cya quartz, naho electrode yubutaka ikora muburebure bwinyuma. Umuvuduko ushyirwa mu itara kuri radiyo nyinshi. Ibi bitera electron gutembera muri electrode y'imbere no gusohora hejuru ya gaze ivanze yerekeza kuri electrode yo hanze. Iyi siyanse yubumenyi izwi nka dielectric barrière isohoka (DBD). Mugihe electron zigenda muri gaze, zikorana na atome kandi zigakora ubwoko bwingufu cyangwa ionisiyoneri butanga molekile ya excimer cyangwa exciplex. Molekile ya Excimer na exciplex ifite ubuzima bucye budasanzwe, kandi uko ibora kuva kumunezero ukajya mubutaka, hasohotse fotone yikwirakwizwa rya monochromatic.
FIGURE 7 »Itara ryinshi
Bitandukanye n'amatara ya parike ya mercure, hejuru yigitereko cyamatara ya quartz ntigishyuha. Nkigisubizo, amatara menshi ya excimer akoresha hamwe na-gukonjesha. Mu bindi bihe, hasabwa urwego rwo hasi rwo gukonjesha rusanzwe rutangwa na gaze ya azote. Bitewe nubushyuhe bwamatara, amatara ya excimer ahita 'ON / OFF' kandi ntibisaba ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje bukabije.
Iyo amatara ya excimer arasa kuri 172 nm ahujwe hamwe na sisitemu ya quasi-monochromatic UVA-LED-yo gukiza hamwe n'amatara maremare ya mercure ya vapor, hakorwa ingaruka zubuso. Amatara ya UVA LED akoreshwa bwa mbere mukuzana chimie. Amatara ya Quasi-monochromatic acimer noneho akoreshwa muguhindura polimeri hejuru, kandi amaherezo amatara ya mercure yagutse arahuza ahasigaye ya chimie. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe byubuhanga butatu bukoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye bitanga ingaruka nziza za optique kandi zikora neza-gukiza ibintu bidashobora kugerwaho hamwe nimwe mumasoko ya UV wenyine.
Uburebure bwumurambararo wa 172 na 222 nm nabwo bugira ingaruka nziza mugusenya ibintu kama byangiza na bagiteri zangiza, bigatuma amatara ya excimer agira akamaro mugusukura hejuru, kuyanduza, no kuvura ingufu zubutaka.
Ubuzima bwamatara
Kubijyanye n'amatara cyangwa amatara, amatara ya arc ya GEW muri rusange agera kumasaha 2000. Ubuzima bwamatara ntabwo bwuzuye, kuko UV isohoka buhoro buhoro mugihe kandi bigaterwa nibintu bitandukanye. Igishushanyo nubwiza bwitara, kimwe nuburyo imikorere ya sisitemu ya UV hamwe nubushobozi bwibintu byakozwe. Sisitemu ya UV ikozwe neza yemeza ko imbaraga nogukonjesha bisabwa nigishushanyo cyihariye (itara) ryatanzwe.
Amatara yatanzwe na GEW (amatara) burigihe atanga ubuzima burebure iyo bukoreshejwe muri sisitemu yo gukiza GEW. Amasoko ya kabiri yatanzwe muri rusange yahinduye itara ahereye ku cyitegererezo, kandi kopi ntishobora kuba irimo impera imwe ihuye, diameter ya quartz, ibirimo mercure, cyangwa gaze ivanze, ibyo byose bishobora kugira ingaruka kumasoko ya UV no kubyara ubushyuhe. Iyo kubyara ubushyuhe butaringanijwe no gukonjesha sisitemu, itara rirababara haba mubisohoka no mubuzima. Amatara akoresha akonje asohora UV nkeya. Amatara akoresha ubushyuhe ntibumara igihe kirekire kandi agashyuha hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ubuzima bwamatara ya electrode arc bugarukira kubushyuhe bwamatara bukora, umubare wamasaha yo kwiruka, numubare wo gutangira cyangwa gukubita. Igihe cyose itara ryakubiswe na arc yumuriro mwinshi mugihe cyo gutangira, akantu gato ka tungsten electrode karashira. Amaherezo, itara ntirizongera gukubita. Itara rya electrode arc ririmo uburyo bwo gufunga, iyo bisezeranye, guhagarika UV ibisohoka nkuburyo bwo kuzenguruka inshuro nyinshi ingufu zamatara. Irangi ryinshi, impuzu, hamwe nudusimba birashobora kuvamo ubuzima bwamatara maremare; mugihe, ibintu bidakorwa neza birashobora gusaba guhinduranya amatara kenshi.
Sisitemu ya UV-LED isanzwe iramba kuruta amatara asanzwe, ariko ubuzima bwa UV-LED nabwo ntabwo bwuzuye. Kimwe n'amatara asanzwe, LED LED ifite imipaka muburyo ishobora gutwara kandi muri rusange igomba gukorana nubushyuhe buri munsi ya 120 ° C. Kurenza gutwara LED hamwe no gukonjesha LED bizahungabanya ubuzima, bikaviramo kwangirika byihuse cyangwa gutsindwa gukabije. Ntabwo abatanga sisitemu ya UV-LED bose batanga ibishushanyo byujuje igihe cyo kubaho igihe kirenze amasaha 20.000. Sisitemu yatunganijwe neza kandi ikomezwa izamara amasaha arenga 20.000, kandi sisitemu yo hasi izananirwa muri Windows-ngufi cyane. Amakuru meza nuko sisitemu ya LED ikomeza gutera imbere kandi ikaramba hamwe na buri gishushanyo mbonera.
Ozon
Iyo uburebure bwa UVC bugufi bugira ingaruka kuri molekile ya ogisijeni (O2), itera molekile ya ogisijeni (O2) igabanyijemo atome ebyiri za ogisijeni (O). Atome ya ogisijeni yubusa (O) noneho igongana nizindi molekile ya ogisijeni (O2) igakora ozone (O3). Kubera ko trioxygene (O3) idahagaze neza kurwego rwubutaka kuruta dioxyde (O2), ozone ihita isubira kuri molekile ya ogisijeni (O2) na atome ya ogisijeni (O) igenda inyura mu kirere. Atome ya ogisijeni yubusa (O) noneho igahuza hamwe muri sisitemu yo kuzimya kugirango itange molekile ya ogisijeni (O2).
Mu nganda zikoresha UV zikiza, ozone (O3) ikorwa mugihe umwuka wa ogisijeni wo mu kirere ukorana nuburebure bwa ultraviolet munsi ya 240 nm. Umuyoboro mugari wa mercure ukiza imyuka yohereza UVC hagati ya 200 na 280 nm, igahuza igice cyakarere ka ozone itanga, naho amatara ya excimer asohora vacuum UV kuri 172 nm cyangwa UVC kuri 222 nm. Ozone yaremye imyuka ya mercure na excimer ikiza amatara ntigihungabana kandi ntabwo ihangayikishijwe cyane n’ibidukikije, ariko ni ngombwa ko ikurwa mu gace kegereye abakozi bakikije kuko ari uburakari bw’ubuhumekero kandi ni uburozi ku rwego rwo hejuru. Kubera ko sisitemu yo gukiza UV-LED isohora UVA ibisohoka hagati ya 365 na 405 nm, ozone ntabwo yakozwe.
Ozone ifite impumuro isa n'impumuro y'icyuma, insinga yaka, chlorine, n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Ibyumviro byumuntu birashobora kumenya ozone nkibice 0.01 kugeza 0.03 kuri miriyoni (ppm). Mugihe bitandukanye numuntu nurwego rwibikorwa, kwibanda kurenza 0.4 ppm birashobora gutera ingaruka mbi zubuhumekero no kubabara umutwe. Guhumeka neza bigomba gushyirwaho kumurongo UV-ukiza kugirango abakozi bagabanye ozone.
Sisitemu yo gukiza UV muri rusange yagenewe kubamo umwuka wuzuye kuko usize imitwe yamatara kugirango ishobore gukurwa kure yabakora ndetse no hanze yinyubako aho isanzwe yangirika imbere ya ogisijeni nizuba. Ubundi, amatara adafite ozone arimo inyongeramusaruro ya quartz ihagarika uburebure bwa ozone itanga ozone, nibikoresho bifuza kwirinda gutobora cyangwa guca umwobo mu gisenge akenshi bikoresha akayunguruzo mugusohoka kwabafana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-19-2024
